Cervical / Lumbar/ sacrum Flashcards
What is the ‘upper cervical spine’ and ‘lower cervical spine’ composed of?
upper = C1 and C2 lower = C3 - C7
What is C1 called?
The Atlas
What movement occurs between the occiput and C1?
Nodding ‘YES’
What does it have to support the dens on C2?
2 articular facets for the dens
C1 is composed of what laterally?
TVPs project from lateral masses
What does he transverse foramen allow the passage of?
Vertebral artery (part of blood pathway into brain)
Groove for vertebral artery passes from which vertebrates?
C1 -C6 (not C7)
What connects the 2 lateral masses of C1 and divides the vertebral foramen into a posterior portion for passage of ______ and anterior portion which accommodates ______ ?
Transverse ligament of atlas. Spinal cord. Dens of axis.
C1 is different from normal vertebrae because it doesn’t have ?
No vertebral body. No spinous process.
C2 is called what?
The axis
What movement occurs between C1 and C2?
Pivoting rotational movement
What landmark on C2 pivots with C1?
Dens (aka Odontoid process)
Which SP are bifid?
C2-C6
What is C7 SP called?
Vertebra prominens
What are the upward bony projections on posterolateral rims of the vertebral body called?
Uncinate process
What are the uncinate process joints called? What is their purpose?
Uncovertebral joints (aka joints of Lushka). Provide stability in the cervical spine and prevent lateral translation
On C6, what is the anterior tubercle called?
The carotid tubercle. Area for potential compression for carotid artery because it extends anteriorly more
Which is the largest vertebra?
L5
What landmark in the Lumbar spine can be used?
Horizontal line drawn between the tops of the iliac crests and L4 SP
The sacrum consists of how many vertebrae?
5 fused vertebrae and IVD
What is the top of the sacrum called? What is the bottom?
Top part is base (widest part). Bottom is apex
What is the articulation between L5 and sacrum called?
Lumbosacral articular surface
What is the most common place for disc issues?
L5S1 (lumbosacral articular surface)
On the sacrum what are the ala?
The wings
At the anterior base of the sacrum what is the prominent point called?
Promontory
Where do the sacral nerves pass out - ventral portion and dorsal portion?
Anterior sacral foramina. Posterior sacral foramina
Which part of the sacrum is concave? Which part is convex?
Pelvic surface concave. Dorsal surface is convex
The continuation of the vertebral canal is called what at the sacrum?
Sacral canal
Where do the sacral nerves exit?
Sacral hiatus
On either side of the sacral hiatus are what?
Sacral cornu (horns)
Ridge of bone that are remnants of SPs is called what?
Median sacral crest
Fused remnants of TVPs at sacrum are called what?
Lateral sacral crest
Which part of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the SI joint?
Auricular surface
How many vertebrae is the coccyx composed of?
4 (varies 3-5) fused vertebrae
In C spine and L spine where are he discs thinner?
Thinner posteriorly
What is the antlanto-occipital joint made of?
What type of joint is it?
Articulation of the atlas with the occiput (base of skull)
Superior articular facets on lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull.
Synovial condyloid joint
Is there an IVD at the craniovertebral joint?
No
Available movements at Atlanto-occipital joint?
Flexion and extension of head on neck (just flexion and extension is not correct)
What ligament is present at atlanto-occipital joint?
What does it prevent?
Atlanto-Occipital membrane - will prevent excessive flexion/extension of head on neck
What is the Atlanto-Axial joint composed of?
Articulation of the atlas and axis.
Articular facet for dens on C1 articulates with dens (anterior) of C2.
What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial joint? What available movement?
Synovial pivot joint. Rotation (C1 rotates on the dens)
What ligaments is there at the Atlanta-Axial joint?
Transverse ligament of the atlas. Holds the dens of C2 against anterior arch of C1
