Cervical / Lumbar/ sacrum

Question 1

What is the ‘upper cervical spine’ and ‘lower cervical spine’ composed of?

Answer 1

upper = C1 and C2
lower = C3 - C7

Question 2

What is C1 called?

Answer 2

The Atlas

Question 3

What movement occurs between the occiput and C1?

Answer 3

Nodding ‘YES’

Question 4

What does it have to support the dens on C2?

Answer 4

2 articular facets for the dens

Question 5

C1 is composed of what laterally?

Answer 5

TVPs project from lateral masses

Question 6

What does he transverse foramen allow the passage of?

Answer 6

Vertebral artery (part of blood pathway into brain)

Question 7

Groove for vertebral artery passes from which vertebrates?

Answer 7

C1 -C6 (not C7)

Question 8

What connects the 2 lateral masses of C1 and divides the vertebral foramen into a posterior portion for passage of ______ and anterior portion which accommodates ______ ?

Answer 8

Transverse ligament of atlas. Spinal cord. Dens of axis.

Question 9

C1 is different from normal vertebrae because it doesn’t have ?

Answer 9

No vertebral body. No spinous process.

Question 10

C2 is called what?

Answer 10

The axis

Question 11

What movement occurs between C1 and C2?

Answer 11

Pivoting rotational movement

Question 12

What landmark on C2 pivots with C1?

Answer 12

Dens (aka Odontoid process)

Question 13

Which SP are bifid?

Answer 13

C2-C6

Question 14

What is C7 SP called?

Answer 14

Vertebra prominens

Question 15

What are the upward bony projections on posterolateral rims of the vertebral body called?

Answer 15

Uncinate process

Question 16

What are the uncinate process joints called? What is their purpose?

Answer 16

Uncovertebral joints (aka joints of Lushka). Provide stability in the cervical spine and prevent lateral translation

Question 17

On C6, what is the anterior tubercle called?

Answer 17

The carotid tubercle. Area for potential compression for carotid artery because it extends anteriorly more

Question 18

Which is the largest vertebra?

Answer 18

L5

Question 19

What landmark in the Lumbar spine can be used?

Answer 19

Horizontal line drawn between the tops of the iliac crests and L4 SP

Question 20

The sacrum consists of how many vertebrae?

Answer 20

5 fused vertebrae and IVD

Question 21

What is the top of the sacrum called? What is the bottom?

Answer 21

Top part is base (widest part). Bottom is apex

Question 22

What is the articulation between L5 and sacrum called?

Answer 22

Lumbosacral articular surface

Question 23

What is the most common place for disc issues?

Answer 23

L5S1 (lumbosacral articular surface)

Question 24

On the sacrum what are the ala?

Answer 24

The wings

Question 25

At the anterior base of the sacrum what is the prominent point called?

Answer 25

Promontory

Question 26

Where do the sacral nerves pass out - ventral portion and dorsal portion?

Answer 26

Anterior sacral foramina. Posterior sacral foramina

Question 27

Which part of the sacrum is concave? Which part is convex?

Answer 27

Pelvic surface concave. Dorsal surface is convex

Question 28

The continuation of the vertebral canal is called what at the sacrum?

Answer 28

Sacral canal

Question 29

Where do the sacral nerves exit?

Answer 29

Sacral hiatus

Question 30

On either side of the sacral hiatus are what?

Answer 30

Sacral cornu (horns)

Question 31

Ridge of bone that are remnants of SPs is called what?

Answer 31

Median sacral crest

Question 32

Fused remnants of TVPs at sacrum are called what?

Answer 32

Lateral sacral crest

Question 33

Which part of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the SI joint?

Answer 33

Auricular surface

Question 34

How many vertebrae is the coccyx composed of?

Answer 34

4 (varies 3-5) fused vertebrae

Question 35

In C spine and L spine where are he discs thinner?

Answer 35

Thinner posteriorly

Question 36

What is the antlanto-occipital joint made of? What type of joint is it?

Answer 36

Articulation of the atlas with the occiput (base of skull) Superior articular facets on lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull. Synovial condyloid joint

Question 37

Is there an IVD at the craniovertebral joint?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Available movements at Atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 38

Flexion and extension of head on neck (just flexion and extension is not correct)

Question 39

What ligament is present at atlanto-occipital joint? | What does it prevent?

Answer 39

Atlanto-Occipital membrane - will prevent excessive flexion/extension of head on neck

Question 40

What is the Atlanto-Axial joint composed of?

Answer 40

Articulation of the atlas and axis. Articular facet for dens on C1 articulates with dens (anterior) of C2.

Question 41

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial joint? What available movement?

Answer 41

Synovial pivot joint. Rotation (C1 rotates on the dens)

Question 42

What ligaments is there at the Atlanta-Axial joint?

Answer 42

Transverse ligament of the atlas. Holds the dens of C2 against anterior arch of C1