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term 2 anatomy > Cervical / Lumbar/ sacrum > Flashcards

Cervical / Lumbar/ sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ‘upper cervical spine’ and ‘lower cervical spine’ composed of?

A 
upper = C1 and C2
lower = C3 - C7
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2
Q

What is C1 called?

A

The Atlas

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3
Q

What movement occurs between the occiput and C1?

A

Nodding ‘YES’

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4
Q

What does it have to support the dens on C2?

A

2 articular facets for the dens

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5
Q

C1 is composed of what laterally?

A

TVPs project from lateral masses

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6
Q

What does he transverse foramen allow the passage of?

A

Vertebral artery (part of blood pathway into brain)

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7
Q

Groove for vertebral artery passes from which vertebrates?

A

C1 -C6 (not C7)

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8
Q

What connects the 2 lateral masses of C1 and divides the vertebral foramen into a posterior portion for passage of ______ and anterior portion which accommodates ______ ?

A

Transverse ligament of atlas. Spinal cord. Dens of axis.

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9
Q

C1 is different from normal vertebrae because it doesn’t have ?

A

No vertebral body. No spinous process.

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10
Q

C2 is called what?

A

The axis

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11
Q

What movement occurs between C1 and C2?

A

Pivoting rotational movement

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12
Q

What landmark on C2 pivots with C1?

A

Dens (aka Odontoid process)

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13
Q

Which SP are bifid?

A

C2-C6

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14
Q

What is C7 SP called?

A

Vertebra prominens

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15
Q

What are the upward bony projections on posterolateral rims of the vertebral body called?

A

Uncinate process

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16
Q

What are the uncinate process joints called? What is their purpose?

A

Uncovertebral joints (aka joints of Lushka). Provide stability in the cervical spine and prevent lateral translation

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17
Q

On C6, what is the anterior tubercle called?

A

The carotid tubercle. Area for potential compression for carotid artery because it extends anteriorly more

18
Q

Which is the largest vertebra?

A

L5

19
Q

What landmark in the Lumbar spine can be used?

A

Horizontal line drawn between the tops of the iliac crests and L4 SP

20
Q

The sacrum consists of how many vertebrae?

A

5 fused vertebrae and IVD

21
Q

What is the top of the sacrum called? What is the bottom?

A

Top part is base (widest part). Bottom is apex

22
Q

What is the articulation between L5 and sacrum called?

A

Lumbosacral articular surface

23
Q

What is the most common place for disc issues?

A

L5S1 (lumbosacral articular surface)

24
Q

On the sacrum what are the ala?

A

The wings

25
Q

At the anterior base of the sacrum what is the prominent point called?

A

Promontory

26
Q

Where do the sacral nerves pass out - ventral portion and dorsal portion?

A

Anterior sacral foramina. Posterior sacral foramina

27
Q

Which part of the sacrum is concave? Which part is convex?

A

Pelvic surface concave. Dorsal surface is convex

28
Q

The continuation of the vertebral canal is called what at the sacrum?

A

Sacral canal

29
Q

Where do the sacral nerves exit?

A

Sacral hiatus

30
Q

On either side of the sacral hiatus are what?

A

Sacral cornu (horns)

31
Q

Ridge of bone that are remnants of SPs is called what?

A

Median sacral crest

32
Q

Fused remnants of TVPs at sacrum are called what?

A

Lateral sacral crest

33
Q

Which part of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the SI joint?

A

Auricular surface

34
Q

How many vertebrae is the coccyx composed of?

A

4 (varies 3-5) fused vertebrae

35
Q

In C spine and L spine where are he discs thinner?

A

Thinner posteriorly

36
Q

What is the antlanto-occipital joint made of?

What type of joint is it?

A

Articulation of the atlas with the occiput (base of skull)
Superior articular facets on lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull.

Synovial condyloid joint

37
Q

Is there an IVD at the craniovertebral joint?

A

No

38
Q

Available movements at Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

Flexion and extension of head on neck (just flexion and extension is not correct)

39
Q

What ligament is present at atlanto-occipital joint?

What does it prevent?

A

Atlanto-Occipital membrane - will prevent excessive flexion/extension of head on neck

40
Q

What is the Atlanto-Axial joint composed of?

A

Articulation of the atlas and axis.

Articular facet for dens on C1 articulates with dens (anterior) of C2.

41
Q

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial joint? What available movement?

A

Synovial pivot joint. Rotation (C1 rotates on the dens)

42
Q

What ligaments is there at the Atlanta-Axial joint?

A

Transverse ligament of the atlas. Holds the dens of C2 against anterior arch of C1

term 2 anatomy (11 decks)

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