Abdomen

Question 1

What is the rectus sheath

Answer 1

The aponeurotic attachments of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis form a sheath of connective tissue which encases the rectus abdominis muscles

Question 2

Where does the linea alba run from?

Answer 2

vertically from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

Question 3

the 2 rectus abdominis muscles are separated by what?

Answer 3

Linea Alba

Question 4

What is the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and its sheath called?

Answer 4

linea semilunaris

Question 5

What are the two muscles in the posterior wall?

Answer 5

Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum (QL)

Question 6

Quadratus Lumborum

attachments and actions

Answer 6

Sup attach: medial 1/2 of rib 12, TVPs of lumbar vertebrae
Inferior attachment: Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament

action: bilaterally extends the lumbar spine
action: bilaterally fixes 12th rib during forced expiration
action: stabalizes lumbar spine
action: unilateral lateral flexion and hip hike

Question 7

What is The region below the pelvic cavity called?

Answer 7

The perineum

Question 8

What is the floor of the perineum?

What is the roof?

Answer 8

floor: skin
roof: pelvic diaphragm

Question 9

what muscles are part of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 9

levator ani muscles (two)
coccygeus muscles (two)

Question 10

Levator ani attachments

Answer 10

anterior attachment: back of pubis, spine of ischium

posterior attachment: anococcygeal ligament, lower sacrum and coccyx

Question 11

coccygeus attachments

Answer 11

lateral attachment: pelvic surface of the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
medial attachment: lateral margin of coccyx and S5

Question 12

What are the actions of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 12

supports the pelvic viscera, helps maintain control of bodily functions.

Question 13

Where is the abdomen located?

Answer 13

Between the diaphragm and the pelvis

Question 14

How many quadrants is the diaphragm divided into?

What are the dividing lines based on?

Answer 14

4 :
RUQ: right upper quadrant 
LUQ: left upper quadrant
RLQ: right lower quadrant
LLQ: left lower quadrant 

Based on the mid-sagital plane and the transumbilical plane (transverse plane passing through the umbilicus or belly button)

Question 15

What are the 4 anterior abdominal muscles?

Answer 15

Rectus abdominis
external obliques
internal obliques
transversus abdominis

Question 16

Reclusive abdominis

Attachments, actions, fibre direction

Answer 16

Superior attach: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
Inferior attach: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Action: flexes vertebral column
Action: stabilizes pelvis during lower leg (to allow hip to eccentrically contract)
Action: compresses the viscera
Fibre direction: vertical

Question 17

External oblique

Answer 17

Most superficial
Superior/lateral attach: ribs 5-12
Inferior/ medial attach: Linea Alba (via abdominal aponeurosis), pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Fibre direction: anteriorly and inferomedially

Action: unilateral rotates column to contralateral side
Action: ipsilateral lateral flexion
Action: bilateral trunk flexion
Action: Bilateral stabilizes pelvis during leg lower
Action: Compress and supports viscera

Question 18

Reclusive abdominis

Attachments, actions, fibre direction

Answer 18

Superior attach: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
Inferior attach: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Action: flexes vertebral column
Action: stabilizes pelvis during lower leg (to allow hip to eccentrically contract)
Action: compresses the viscera
Fibre direction: vertical

Question 19

External oblique

Answer 19

Most superficial
Superior/lateral attach: ribs 5-12
Inferior/ medial attach: Linea Alba (via abdominal aponeurosis), pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Fibre direction: anteriorly and inferomedially

Action: unilateral rotates column to contralateral side
Action: ipsilateral lateral flexion
Action: bilateral trunk flexion
Action: Bilateral stabilizes pelvis during leg lower
Action: Compress and supports viscera

Upper fibres interdigitate with serratus anterior
Lower fibres interdigitate with latissimus dorsi

Question 20

Internal oblique
Attachment
Actions
Fibre direction

Answer 20

Inferior/ Lat attach: anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Superior/ medial attach: Linea Alba (via aponeurosis), ribs 10-12 (inferior border)
Deep to external oblique
Fibre direction: anteriorly and superomedially

Action: unilateral rotates column to ipsilateral side
Action: ipsilateral lateral flexion
Action: trunk flexion
Action: compress and support viscera

Question 21

Transversus abdominis

Answer 21

Lateral attach: inner iliac crest, lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia
Medial attach: Linea Alba (via aponeurosis)
Deep to internal obliques
Fibre direction: medial/ lateral
Action: compress and supports viscera (eg forced expiration, coughing, sneezing, peeing)

Interdigitates with diaphragm