Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma Flashcards
what is the goal of screening for cervical cancer? what are the screening tests?
detect preinvasive neoplasia and make the treatment possible before it becomes invasive
- cervical cytology (pap) - conventional smear and liquid
- HPV screening
- combination of both
what is a nabothian cyst?
cervical mucous gland that has gotten plugged
no treatment necessary
cervical cancer screening should begin at what age? how often is it repeated?
age 21
every 3 years
cotesting (cytology + HPV) for cervical screening recommendations for women age 30-65
- cotesting with cytology and HPV testing every 5 years
- screening with cytology alone every 3 years is acceptable
screening should discontinue after what age?
65
90% of cervical cancer is of what type?
squamous
skip lesions are found in what type of cervical cancer?
adenocarcinoma
what are the two patterns of spread for cervical cancer?
- direct extension
- lymphatics
what are the sequalae of direct extension of cervical cancer?
- involvement of pelvic side wall
- venous compression causing unilateral edema
- hydroureter
what is the only gynecological cancer that is staged clinically?
cervical
how is cervical cancer staged?
clinically
what is brachytherapy? what is the advantage?
- intracavitary radiation delivering low dose radiation for direct treatment of cervical legion and parametrium
- decreased effect on surrounding organs
what are the complications from radiation therapy?
- ileus from scarring or acute reaction
- urinary frequency
- vaginal discharge
- dyspareunia
what is the role for chemotherapy in cervical cancer?
recurrent / palliative use
what is pelvic exenteration?
- radical procedure for recurrent cervical cancer without para-aortic node involvement
- removal of pelvic organs including uterus, tubes, ovaries, vagina, bladder, distal ureters, rectum, anus, pelvic floor, levator muscles, pelvic lymph nodes
