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A&P 1 IPAP (20-1) > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

The outer rim of grey matter containing billions of neurons in the cerebrum are known as?

A

cerebral cortex

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2
Q

The folds of the cerebrum are ______ and the shallow grove between them are ______

A

gyrus; sulcus

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3
Q

What are the deeper grooves between gyri called?

A

fissures

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4
Q

What separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

A

longitudinal fissure

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5
Q

The cerebrum hemispheres work together. T or F?

A

F

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6
Q

The largest fiber bundle used by means of commissure to communicate between cerebrum hemispheres are known as?

A

corpus callosum

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7
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

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8
Q

Which sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?

A

central sulcus

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9
Q

Which sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal?

A

lateral sulcus

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10
Q

what is the difference between association tracts and commissural tracts of cerebral white matter?

A

association tracts contain myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses btw gyri in the same hemisphere while commissural tracts conducts btw gyri of the 2 hemispheres

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11
Q

Which tract of cerebral white matter conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS and vice versa?

A

projection tracts

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12
Q

What are the important groups of commissural tracts?

A

corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and posterior commissure

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13
Q

Why is it unusual to have the name of a component as basal “ganglia” in the cerebrum?

A

Because ganglia usually refers to a group of cell bodies outside of the CNS

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14
Q

What is another name for the the three nuclei layers of the basal ganglia?

A

corpus straitum

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15
Q

Which component of the basal ganglia has a tail?

A

caudate nucleus

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16
Q

which components of the basal ganglia are part of the lentiform nucleus?

A

globus pallidus and putamen

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17
Q

What separates the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia and thalamus from the lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia?

A

internal capsule

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18
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

initiation and termination of movements; unconscious contraction of skeletal muscles

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19
Q

Which part of the brain is involved with action selection?

A

basal ganglia

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20
Q

What results in parkinson disease?

A

degeneration of the melanin-pigmented dopamine producing neurons of the basal ganglia

21
Q

The damage of ____ results in huntington’s disease?

A

corpus striatum

22
Q

What are the symptoms of basal ganglia damage?

A

involuntary muscle movement, uncontrollable shaking, and muscular rigidity

23
Q

Basal ganglia damage has been found in which conditions?

A

OCD & ADHD

24
Q

This system is known as the emotional brain and encircles the upper part of the brain?

A

limbic system

25
Q

What is the acronym for the main components of the limbic system?

A

FOAM CALDH

26
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus?

A

converting new information into long-term memory

27
Q

which component of the limbic system is responsible for docile behavior, rage, fear, aggression, and restlessness?

A

Amyglada

28
Q

what are 2 components of the limbic system that synapse with the olfactory receptors to form relay stations?

A

olfactory bulbs and mammillary bodies

29
Q

which component of the limbic system is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, regulates aggressive behavior, and mediates emotional responses to pain?

A

cingulate gyrus

30
Q

Which component of the limbic system is used to carry signals from the hippocampus to the mamillary body of the hypothalamus?

A

Fornix

31
Q

The loss of the ability to form new memory is known ____?

A

anterograde amnesia

32
Q

what is the cause of anterograde amnesia?

A

hippocampal damage

33
Q

What is known as the seat of consciousness that enables us to understand, appreciate and initiate voluntary movements?

A

cerebral cortex

34
Q

The cerebral cortex is composed of only gray matter with no fiber tracts. T or F?

A

T

35
Q

Each hemisphere is concerned with the the sensory and motor functions of the same side of the body. T or F?

A

F

36
Q

Parts of the cortex can be isolated for conscious behavior. T or F?

A

F

37
Q

if the sensory area interprets sensory impulses and the motor area initiates movement, what is the role of the association areas?

A

communicate with the motor cortex to analyze and act on sensory input

38
Q

Any cortical area that is not primary is known as?

A

association areas (combination of primary areas)

39
Q

How many areas did Korbinian Brodmann split the cortical areas into?

A

52

40
Q

Area ___ & ___ of the ___ lobe are the broca’s speech area (speech production)

A

Area 44 and 45 of the frontal lobe

41
Q

Area 22, possibly 39 and 40 of the temporal and parietal lobe is also known as ___ and used for ____?

A

wernicke’s area; interpret the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words

42
Q

Wernicke’s area and broca’s speech area are collectively known as ____ in which cerebral hemisphere

A

language areas; left cerebral hemisphere

43
Q

The inability to use of comprehend words is known as ___

A

aphasia

44
Q

Damage to broca’s speech area results in which symptom and impairment?

A

non-fluent aphasia; patient knows what to say but cannot articulate it

45
Q

which impairment exhibits word deafness, word blindness, and a string of good words with no combined meaning?

A

fluent aphasia

46
Q

the functional asymmetry of the cerebal hemispheres is known as?

A

hemispheric lateralization

47
Q

which hemisphere is usually associated with visual-spatial skills, intuition, and emotion?

A

right hemisphere

48
Q

This disease is associated with the progressive loss of the ability to read, write, talk, eat, and walk and a shrinking hippocampus. What is this disease?

A

alzheimer disease

49
Q

what are some notable brain abnormalities of a patient with alzheimer disease at autopsy?

A

loss of neurons; beta-amyloid plaques (abnormal proteins outside nucleus); and nuerofibillary plaques (abnormal proteins inside nucleus)

A&P 1 IPAP (20-1) (8 decks)

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