Cerebrum Flashcards
The outer rim of grey matter containing billions of neurons in the cerebrum are known as?
cerebral cortex
The folds of the cerebrum are ______ and the shallow grove between them are ______
gyrus; sulcus
What are the deeper grooves between gyri called?
fissures
What separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?
longitudinal fissure
The cerebrum hemispheres work together. T or F?
F
The largest fiber bundle used by means of commissure to communicate between cerebrum hemispheres are known as?
corpus callosum
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
Which sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
central sulcus
Which sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal?
lateral sulcus
what is the difference between association tracts and commissural tracts of cerebral white matter?
association tracts contain myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses btw gyri in the same hemisphere while commissural tracts conducts btw gyri of the 2 hemispheres
Which tract of cerebral white matter conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS and vice versa?
projection tracts
What are the important groups of commissural tracts?
corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and posterior commissure
Why is it unusual to have the name of a component as basal “ganglia” in the cerebrum?
Because ganglia usually refers to a group of cell bodies outside of the CNS
What is another name for the the three nuclei layers of the basal ganglia?
corpus straitum
Which component of the basal ganglia has a tail?
caudate nucleus
which components of the basal ganglia are part of the lentiform nucleus?
globus pallidus and putamen
What separates the caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia and thalamus from the lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia?
internal capsule
what is the function of the basal ganglia?
initiation and termination of movements; unconscious contraction of skeletal muscles
Which part of the brain is involved with action selection?
basal ganglia
What results in parkinson disease?
degeneration of the melanin-pigmented dopamine producing neurons of the basal ganglia
The damage of ____ results in huntington’s disease?
corpus striatum
What are the symptoms of basal ganglia damage?
involuntary muscle movement, uncontrollable shaking, and muscular rigidity
Basal ganglia damage has been found in which conditions?
OCD & ADHD
This system is known as the emotional brain and encircles the upper part of the brain?
limbic system
What is the acronym for the main components of the limbic system?
FOAM CALDH
What is the role of the hippocampus?
converting new information into long-term memory
which component of the limbic system is responsible for docile behavior, rage, fear, aggression, and restlessness?
Amyglada
what are 2 components of the limbic system that synapse with the olfactory receptors to form relay stations?
olfactory bulbs and mammillary bodies
which component of the limbic system is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, regulates aggressive behavior, and mediates emotional responses to pain?
cingulate gyrus
Which component of the limbic system is used to carry signals from the hippocampus to the mamillary body of the hypothalamus?
Fornix
The loss of the ability to form new memory is known ____?
anterograde amnesia
what is the cause of anterograde amnesia?
hippocampal damage
What is known as the seat of consciousness that enables us to understand, appreciate and initiate voluntary movements?
cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is composed of only gray matter with no fiber tracts. T or F?
T
Each hemisphere is concerned with the the sensory and motor functions of the same side of the body. T or F?
F
Parts of the cortex can be isolated for conscious behavior. T or F?
F
if the sensory area interprets sensory impulses and the motor area initiates movement, what is the role of the association areas?
communicate with the motor cortex to analyze and act on sensory input
Any cortical area that is not primary is known as?
association areas (combination of primary areas)
How many areas did Korbinian Brodmann split the cortical areas into?
52
Area ___ & ___ of the ___ lobe are the broca’s speech area (speech production)
Area 44 and 45 of the frontal lobe
Area 22, possibly 39 and 40 of the temporal and parietal lobe is also known as ___ and used for ____?
wernicke’s area; interpret the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
Wernicke’s area and broca’s speech area are collectively known as ____ in which cerebral hemisphere
language areas; left cerebral hemisphere
The inability to use of comprehend words is known as ___
aphasia
Damage to broca’s speech area results in which symptom and impairment?
non-fluent aphasia; patient knows what to say but cannot articulate it
which impairment exhibits word deafness, word blindness, and a string of good words with no combined meaning?
fluent aphasia
the functional asymmetry of the cerebal hemispheres is known as?
hemispheric lateralization
which hemisphere is usually associated with visual-spatial skills, intuition, and emotion?
right hemisphere
This disease is associated with the progressive loss of the ability to read, write, talk, eat, and walk and a shrinking hippocampus. What is this disease?
alzheimer disease
what are some notable brain abnormalities of a patient with alzheimer disease at autopsy?
loss of neurons; beta-amyloid plaques (abnormal proteins outside nucleus); and nuerofibillary plaques (abnormal proteins inside nucleus)
