ANS Composition Flashcards
sympathetic trunk ganglia and prevertebral ganglia are types of what?
sympathetic ganglia, paravertebral ganglia, or vertebral chain ganglia
Sympathetic postganglionic axons are short or long?
long
Which ganglia are anterior to the vertebral column, close to the abdominal arteries?
Prevertebral ganglia
Do the sympathetic trunk ganglia and prevertebral ganglia have the same lengths for pre and post ganglionic?
Yes
Superior mesentric and inferior mesentric ganglion are major parts of the prevertebral ganglia, What are the 3 others?
celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, and renal ganglion
The preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic ganglion synapse with post postganglionic neurons in which ganglia?
terminal ganglia
Name the parasympathetic ganglias of the head
cilliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic
Which nerves connect the axons of parasympathetic neurons to the parasympathetic postpanglion neurons in terminal ganglia in the walls of the colon, ureters, urinary blabber, and reproductive organs?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
What are the 4 methods that the neurons arriving at sympathetic trunk connect with post ganglionic neurons?
synapsing in the 1st ganglion it reaches, ascending or descending before synapsing, continuing without synapsing through trunk ganglion to a prevertebral ganaglion, and continuing without synapsing through para and prevertebral ganglion to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medullae
Why are sympathetic responses able to typically affect almost the entire body simultaneously?
Because preganglionic fibers have many axon collaterals and synapse with a number of postganglionic neurons
Why can parasympathetic responses be localized to a single effector?
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse with a limited number of postganglionic neurons in the same visceral effector
What makes parasympathetic postganglionic neurons different from their sympathetic counterparts?
They terminate in the same effector after leaving their ganglia rather than branching out
parasympathetic postganglion axons are long. true or false?
false
A tangled network of neurons formed jointly by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is known as?
Autonomic plexuses
Which organs will you find the autonomic plexuses?
thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
The ANS is a collection of afferent and efferent neurons. T or F?
T
what are afferent and efferent neurons?
afferent are visceral sensory while efferent are visceral motor
What part of the brain regulates the ANS?
hypothalamus and brain stem
While autonomic sensory neurons propagate into integrating centers of the CNS, where to autonomic motor neurons propagate to?
effector tissues of glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
what is the name and subdivisions of the nervous tissue outside the CNS?
PNS subdivided into ENS, ANS, and SNS
chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors are examples of which kind of ANS receptor?
interoreceptors
what is operational advantage that ANS has over skeletal muscle voluntary innervation?
they have the intrinsic function to continue to operate even if nerve supply is damaged
What is the difference btw somatic motor neuron and autonomic motor neuron?
autonomic motor pathway contains 2 motor neurons in series from CNS to effector while somatic motor neuron has one
Which neuron has its cell body in the CNS and contains myelinated axons that extend from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion?
pre-ganglionic neuron
Which neuron has its cell body in the autonomic ganglion and contains unmyelinated axons that extend from the ganglion to the effector?
post-ganglionic neurons
Which neurotransmitters do somatic and autonomic neurons release?
somatic neurons release ACh while autonomic neurons release ACh and norepinephrine
The motor portion of the ANS is divided into which 2 components?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
an increase in sympathetic causes an increase in parasympathetic. T or F?
F
what portion of the spinal cord will you find the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons?
lateral gray horns T1-T12 and L1-L2
Where would you find the cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons?
Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 and lateral horns of S2-S4 of the spinal cord
Autonomic plexuses can be be a component of autonomic motor pathways and axons of autonomic sensory neurons. T or F?
T
Which nerves do the cardiac (thoracic) plexus contribute to?
sympathetic post-ganglionic and parasympathetic pre-ganglionic
Which pathway of the pulmonary plexus causes bronchoconstriction and which one causes bronchodialation?
the sympathetic pathway causes bronchodialation and the parasympathetic pathway innervates bronchoconstriction
Which is the largest autonomic plexus?
celiac plexus
What is the difference btw superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric plexus?
superior supplies the small and large intestine, while the inferior supplies only the large intestine.
Hypogastric plexus supplies the urinary bladder and genital organs (pelvic viscera) while the renal plexus supplies ____?
renal arteries within the kidneys and ureters
what do myelinated axons pass through to form the sympathetic trunk/chain?
white rami communicantes
White rami communicantes are only present in the same spinal region as the sympathetic preganglion neuron. T or F?
T
You will find pairs of sympathetic trunk ganglia in all almost all portions of the spinal nerves except?
4 of the 7 cervical nerves
The sympathetic preganglionic fibers that serve the head and neck emerge form which spinal cord segments?
T1-T6
The superior cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, and inferior cervical ganglion are portions of which ganglia?
cervical ganglia in the neck
Superior cervical ganglion postganglionic sympathetic fibers supply which parts of the body?
head and heart
Which organ do the middle cervical ganglion and the inferior cervical ganglion provide with sympathetic postganglionic fibers?
heart
which region of the spinal cord receives most of the sympathetic preganglionic axons?
thoracic region
The postganglionic fibers from the thoracic sympathetic trunk innervates which organs?
heart, lungs, arrectores pilorum muscles, bronchi, sweat glands, and blood vessels of the skin
What are the ways that axons leave the sympathetic trunk?
enter spinal nerves, form cephalic periarterial nerves, form sympathetic nerves, and form splanchnic nerves
What is the difference btw gray ramus communicans and white ramus communicans?
axons of postganglionic neurons leave the trunk by means of gray ramus while axons (myelinated) enter the trunk by white ramus
They are formed by the movement of axon collaterals from preganglionic neurons through variable distances. What are they?
sympathetic chains
gray rami communicates are associated with all spinal nerves. T or F?
T
cephalic periarterial nerves are formed from ___?
postganglionic neurons from the superior cervical trunk wrap around carotid arteries
sympathetic postganglionic neurons extend to ____ in the ____ to form sympathetic nerves of the heart and smooth muscles of the bronchi and lungs.
visceral effectors, thoracic region
When sympathetic preganglionic neurons pass through the trunk without terminating until they reach prevertebra ganglia, what do they form?
splanchnic nerves
which splanchnic nerve innervates the stomach and small intestine?
greater splanchnic nerve
which splanchnic nerve innervates the colon and small intestine?
lesser splanchnic nerve
which part of the splanchnic nerve innervates the rectum and urinary bladder?
lumbar splachnic nerve
What does the adrenal medulla and postganglionic cell have in common?
they are made from chromaffin cells
do sympathetic preganglionic or postganglionic neurons extend to adrenal medullae?
sympathetic preganglionic neurons
The sacral parasympathetic outflow consists of ____?
lateral horn of S2 and S4
List the cranial parasympathetic ganglias?
ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic ganglia
which ganglias with preganglionic axons of the cranial parasympathetic ganglia are from facial (VII) nerves?
submandibular and pterygopalatine ganglia
most of the craniosacral flow that leave the brain to different effector organs emerge from which cranial nerve?
vagus (X) nerve
the pelvic splanchnic nerve is formed by ___?
preganglionic neurons of the sacral parasympathetic outflow
