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A&P1 Test 3 CNS > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

True or False the cerebral cortex is composed of white matter

A

False, it is composed of grey matter

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2
Q

Name the folds and grooves of the cerebrum

A

Fold=gyrus

Shallow Groove=sulcus

Deeper Groove= fissure

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3
Q

What fissure separates the R and L hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

The longitudinal fissure

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4
Q

How are gyri and fissures formed

A

They are formed during embryonic development, when grey matter enlarges faster than the deeper white mater.

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5
Q

Describe the corpus callosum

A

largest fiber bundle in the brain that connects the R and L hemispheres of the cerebrum

-important commissural tract

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6
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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7
Q

What 2 lobes does the central sulcus seperate

A

frontal from parietal

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8
Q

What 2 lobes does the lateral sulcus separate

A

frontal from temporal

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9
Q

What 2 lobes does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate

A

parietal from occipital

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10
Q

What are association tracts

A

tracts that conduct impulses in the same cerebral hemisphere

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11
Q

What are commissural tracts

A

tracts that conduct impulses in one cerebral hemisphere to another cerebral hemisphere

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12
Q

What are projection tracts

A

tracts that conduct impulses from the cerebrum to the lower parts of the CNS

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13
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia

A
  • the help regulate the initiation and termination of movements and controlling muscle tone
  • it is also thought to play a role in action selection (which behavior should you execute at a given time)
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14
Q

What is the basal ganglia also known as

A

Corpus stratium

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15
Q

What are the 3 deep nuclei that make up the basal ganglia

A
  1. Globus pallidus
  2. Putamen
  3. Caudate nucleus
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16
Q

Damage to the basal nucleus is associated with?

A

Parkinson’s dz

may also play a part in ADHD and OCD

17
Q

Where are the emotional or affective (feelings) of the brain located

A

The limbic system

aka the emotional brain

18
Q

Where are the cerebral structures of the limbic system located

A

they encircle the upper part of the brain stem

19
Q

What are the main components of the Limbic system

A
  • Fornix
  • Limbic Lobe
  • Olfactory bulbs
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Dentate gyrus
  • Antererior and Medial nuclei of the thalmus
  • Mammillary bodies of hypothalmus
20
Q

What is the function of the Hippocampus

A

converts new information into long term memories

21
Q

What is the function of the Amygdala

A

it is involved in behavioral patterns such as docile rage, presence or absences of fear and aggression

22
Q

What is the role of the olfactory bulbs

A

they synapse with the olfactory receptors and the mammillary bodies to convey smell

23
Q

What is the function of the mammillary bodies

A

they act as olfactory relay stations

24
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus located

A

immediately superior to the corpus collosum

25
Q

What is the function of the cingulate gyrus

A

Integral part of limbic system that is involved in emotion formation and processing, learning and memory

  • coordinates sensory input into emotion
  • regulates aggressive behavior and pain
26
Q

Describe the structure of the Fornix and its function

A

Band of nerve fibers from the hippocampus to the mammillary body of the hypothalamus that archs over the thalamus

-carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus

27
Q

What is damage to the hippocampus associated with

A

Anterograde amnesia ie the loss of ability to form new memories

28
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

Seat of consciousness enables us to communicate, perceive, appreciate, remember and initiate voluntary movement

29
Q

What is localization

A

hemispheres of the cerebrum are symmetrical in structure but not in fxn

30
Q

True or False a functional area of the cortex acts alone

A

False, the whole cortex in some way is involved conscious behavior

31
Q

What does the R hemisphere of the cerebrum have greater control over

A

visual spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and appreciation of art and music

32
Q

What does the L hemisphere of the cerebrum have greater control over

A

Logic, mathematics, language

33
Q

What are the 2 areas associated w/ speech

A

Brocas area and Wernicke’s area

34
Q

What part of speech is Brocas area associated w/ and what kind of aphasia occurs when this area is damaged

A
  • Planning and production of speech

- Damage=non fluent aphasia, WORD REACHING, they know what they want to say but cannot speak

35
Q

What part of speech is Wernicke’s area associated w/ and what kind of aphasia occurs when this area is damaged

A
  • Interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing spoken words
  • Damage=fluent aphasia, CAN NOT RECOGNIZE WORDS (WORD SALAD, WORD DEAFNESS, WORD BLINDESS) may produce strings of perfectly good words that have no combined meaning
36
Q

What are the brain abnormalities at autopsy associated w/ Alzheimer’s

A
  • Loss of neurons
  • Destruction of nucleus basalis (basal nucleus)
  • Beta-amyloid plaques= abnormal proteins outside neurons
  • Neurofibrillary tangles=bundles of protein filaments inside neurons
37
Q

Describe the general progression of Alzheimers disease

A
  1. Initially unable to remember recent events
  2. The pt then becomes confused and forgetful often repeating Q’s and gtting lost to familar places
  3. Disorientation grows and longer term memories disappear
  4. Basic activities of daily living disappear
  5. Death from complications
38
Q

Define agnosia

A

inability to recognize the significance of sensory stimuli such as sounds, sight, smells, taste and touch

39
Q

Define apraxia

A

inability to carry out purposeful movements in the absence of paraplegia

A&P1 Test 3 CNS (9 decks)

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