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A&P1 Test 3 CNS > Brain Stem > Flashcards

Brain Stem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the brain stem

A
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
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2
Q

What is the medulla oblongata known as and what does it do

A

Known as the vital brain

Control involuntary actions of breathing, HR, BP, coughing, swallowing, vomiting, hiccupping, and sneezing

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3
Q

True or False the spinal cord is a continuation of the medulla oblongata

A

True

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4
Q

Name the 2 types of tracts of the white matter of the medulla oblongata

A

ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts

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5
Q

What are the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and why are the important

A

Bulges of white matter on the anterior of the medulla oblongata .

It is where the largest motor tracts pass from the cerebrum to the spinal cord

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6
Q

Define decussation of the pyramids

A

axons of the pyramids cross to opposite sides

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7
Q

What are the 7 medullary nuclei mention in the notes

A
  1. Cardiovascular center
  2. Cochlear nuclei
  3. The deglutition center
  4. The gustatory nucleus
  5. Vestibular nuclei
  6. Vomiting center
  7. Medullary rhythmicity center
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8
Q

What does the Cardiovascular center control

A

regulates blood vessel diameter and the rate and force of the heart

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9
Q

What does the Cochlear nuclei control

A

receives auditory input from the cochlea

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10
Q

What does the gustatory center control

A

receives input from the taste buds

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11
Q

What does the deglutition center control

A

promotes swallowing of a food bolus

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12
Q

What does the vestibular center control

A

equilibrium pathway from the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

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13
Q

What does the vomiting center control

A

area postrema, causes vomiting

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14
Q

What does the medullary rhythmicity area control

A

basic rhythm of breathing

-divided in 2 clusters of neurons, the inspiration area and expiratory area

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15
Q

What are the Olives

A
  • oval shaped swellings lateral to each pyramid
  • relays joint and muscle position impulses from the cerebral cortex, the red nucleus of the midbrain, and spinal cord to the cerebellum
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16
Q

Where are the Pons located

A

anteriorly superior to medulla, and inferior to the midbrain

17
Q

What is the overall function of the pons

A

Acts as a bridge between one part of the brain to another

18
Q

Name the 2 bundles of axons located in the Pons

A

Lateral = connect the L and R side of the cerebellum

Vertical= consist of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts

19
Q

True or false certain pontine nuclei relay signals for voluntary movement from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum

A

True

20
Q

Name the 2 nuclei in the pons that help control breathing and identify their fxn

A

Areas coordinate transition between inhalation and exhalation by regulating medullary rhythmicity centers

  1. Apneustic area= prolongs inhalataion by sending stimulatory impluses to the inspiration area
  2. The pnuemotaxic region =turns off inspiratory area before they become too full
21
Q

What is the midbrain also known as and what is it generalized function

A
  • Mesencephalon

- Connects Pons to Diencephalon

22
Q

Describe the cerebral peduncles

A

area of the midbrain that conduct motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spine and conducts sensory impulses from the medulla to the thalamus

23
Q

What is the tectum

A

posterior area of the midbrain that contain the corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior calliculli)

24
Q

What is the fxn of the superior callliculi

A

Reflex center for visual reflexes

  • pupillary reflex
  • accommodation reflex=adjusting lens
  • involuntary turning of the head when an object is in the corner of your eye
25
Q

Explain the fxn of the inferior callliculi

A

Part of auditory pathway

Responsible for STARTLE reflex=turning of your head to an unexpected noise

26
Q

What is the substantia nigra

A
  • Darkly pigmented nuclei that release dopamine, that helps control subconscious muscle activities
  • loss of this is associated w/ parkinsons dz
27
Q

What are the red nuclei

A

-coordinate muscular movement (primarily large muscles of the shoulders and arms)

–controls swing arms while walking and crowling of babies

-axons from the cerebellum and cerebral cortex synapse with the red nuclei

28
Q

Describe the reticular formation

A

an extensive region of gray and white matter in the brain stem , comprised of ascending and descending neurons

  • main fxn is to regulate muscle tone
  • contains reticular activating system
29
Q

What is the fxn of the reticular activating system

A

sensory axons that help maintain consciousness and participate in awakening from sleep

A&P1 Test 3 CNS (9 decks)

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