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A&P1 Test 3 CNS > Autonomic Nervous System Composition > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Composition Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the afferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system

A

visceral sensory

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2
Q

What is another name for the efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system

A

visceral motor

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3
Q

What are the 2 branches of the motor part of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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4
Q

What is meant when we say the ANS has an intrinsic function

A

ANS can operate (although it might not work great) without their nerve supply or if there nerve supply is damaged

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5
Q

How does the motor pathway of the ANS differ from somatic motor pathways

A

ANS motor pathway consist of 2 motor neurons (one myelinated and one unmyelinated) in series the somatic motor pathway consist of 1 myelinated neuron

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6
Q

Describe the motor pathway of the ANS

A

preganglionic neuron= myelinated neuron and has its cell body in the CNS and axons in the ganglion. Only releases Ach in synapse

postganglionic = unmyelinated neuron with its cell body in the ganglion and axon to the effector . Can release Ach or NE in synapse

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7
Q

True or false most organ with ANS innervation are supplied by both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons

A

True

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8
Q

Why is the sympathetic division of the ANS called the flight or fight division

A

its actions result in increased alertness and increased metabolic activities

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9
Q

Why is the parasympathetic division of the ANS called the rest and digest division

A

its activities conserve and restore body energy and are involved in digestion

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10
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

Lateral grey horns of the T1 to L2

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11
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

nuclei of cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 and lateral grey horns of S2-4

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12
Q

Are preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system long or short

A

short

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13
Q

Are postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system long or short

A

long

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14
Q

What are the 2 types ganglia in the sympathetic ANS

A

sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia and prevertebral ganglia

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15
Q

Sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia axons mostly innervate organs where

A

organs above the diaphragm

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16
Q

Prevertebral ganglia axons mostly innervate organs where

A

organs below the diaphragm

17
Q

Why do sympathetic responses typically have an affect on the entire body simultaneously

A

Because the preganglionic fibers have many axon collaterals in a divergent pattern and the post ganglionic axons usually nd in several effectors

18
Q

Are the parasympathetic branch fibers as divergent as the sympathetic branch fibers

A

No, they have few axon collaterals that all end in the same visceral effector

19
Q

Where are white ramus communicants located and why

A

Located in T1-L2, because that is the place where sympathetic out flow occurs

20
Q

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers that serve the head and neck emerge from, what are the 3 cervical ganglia they synapse with, and what no these postganglionic fibers innervate

A

-Emerge from T1-T6

  1. Superior cervical ganglion=supply head and heart
  2. Middles cervical ganglion= supply the heart
  3. Inferior cervical ganglion=supply the heart
21
Q

What do the postganglionic fibers of the thoracic trunk innervate

A

organs of the thoracic

22
Q

What is the role of grey rami and where are they located

A

these areas allow unmyelinated postganglionic axons to connect to the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk they are associated with all spinal nerves

23
Q

What do you call sympathetic preganglionic nerves that pass through the the sympathetic truck without terminating in it

A

splanchnic nerves, they generally extend to the prevertebral ganglia

24
Q

What are the 5 major prevertebral ganglia

A
  1. Celiac
  2. Superior mesenteric
  3. Inferior mesenteric
  4. Aorticorenal
  5. Renal
25
Q

What organs do the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the celiac ganglia generally supply

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver
  3. Spleen
  4. Small intestine
  5. Kidney
26
Q

What organs do the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the superior mesenteric ganglia generally supply

A
  1. Small intestine

2. Colon

27
Q

What organs do the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the inferior mesenteric ganglia generally supply

A
  1. Colon
  2. Rectum
  3. Genitals
  4. Urinary bladder
28
Q

What is different about the sympathetic neurons that supply the adrenal cortex

A

There are no postganglionic neurons, the presympathetic neurons go through the sympathetic trunk then through the prevertebral ganglia to the adrenal medulla where they meet the Chomaffin cells which produce EP and NE

29
Q

Are preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic ANS long or short

A

long

30
Q

Are postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic ANS long or short and what are they close to

A

short, because they are close or within the wall of the visceral organ they innervate

31
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic division of the ANS located

A

brain stem and the S2-S4 vertebrae

32
Q

What are the 4 names for the parasympathetic ganglia of the head and what do the innervate

A
  1. Ciliary ganglion
  2. Pterygopalatine
  3. Submandibular
  4. Otic
33
Q

What dos the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the ciliary ganglion generally supply

A

smooth muscle of the eyeball

34
Q

What dos the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the pterygopalatine ganglion generally supply

A

nasal mucosa, pharynx, lacrimal glands

35
Q

What dos the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the submandibular ganglion generally supply

A

salivary glands and the sublingual salivary glands

36
Q

What does the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the otic ganglion generally supply

A

foramen ovale and parotid glands

37
Q

What do the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate

A

smooth muscle of the glands in pelvic organs

A&P1 Test 3 CNS (9 decks)

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