Autonomic Nervous System Composition Flashcards
What is another name for the afferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system
visceral sensory
What is another name for the efferent neurons of the autonomic nervous system
visceral motor
What are the 2 branches of the motor part of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is meant when we say the ANS has an intrinsic function
ANS can operate (although it might not work great) without their nerve supply or if there nerve supply is damaged
How does the motor pathway of the ANS differ from somatic motor pathways
ANS motor pathway consist of 2 motor neurons (one myelinated and one unmyelinated) in series the somatic motor pathway consist of 1 myelinated neuron
Describe the motor pathway of the ANS
preganglionic neuron= myelinated neuron and has its cell body in the CNS and axons in the ganglion. Only releases Ach in synapse
postganglionic = unmyelinated neuron with its cell body in the ganglion and axon to the effector . Can release Ach or NE in synapse
True or false most organ with ANS innervation are supplied by both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
True
Why is the sympathetic division of the ANS called the flight or fight division
its actions result in increased alertness and increased metabolic activities
Why is the parasympathetic division of the ANS called the rest and digest division
its activities conserve and restore body energy and are involved in digestion
Where are the cell bodies for the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division of the ANS
Lateral grey horns of the T1 to L2
Where are the cell bodies for the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
nuclei of cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 and lateral grey horns of S2-4
Are preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system long or short
short
Are postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system long or short
long
What are the 2 types ganglia in the sympathetic ANS
sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia and prevertebral ganglia
Sympathetic trunk (paravertebral) ganglia axons mostly innervate organs where
organs above the diaphragm
Prevertebral ganglia axons mostly innervate organs where
organs below the diaphragm
Why do sympathetic responses typically have an affect on the entire body simultaneously
Because the preganglionic fibers have many axon collaterals in a divergent pattern and the post ganglionic axons usually nd in several effectors
Are the parasympathetic branch fibers as divergent as the sympathetic branch fibers
No, they have few axon collaterals that all end in the same visceral effector
Where are white ramus communicants located and why
Located in T1-L2, because that is the place where sympathetic out flow occurs
Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers that serve the head and neck emerge from, what are the 3 cervical ganglia they synapse with, and what no these postganglionic fibers innervate
-Emerge from T1-T6
- Superior cervical ganglion=supply head and heart
- Middles cervical ganglion= supply the heart
- Inferior cervical ganglion=supply the heart
What do the postganglionic fibers of the thoracic trunk innervate
organs of the thoracic
What is the role of grey rami and where are they located
these areas allow unmyelinated postganglionic axons to connect to the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk they are associated with all spinal nerves
What do you call sympathetic preganglionic nerves that pass through the the sympathetic truck without terminating in it
splanchnic nerves, they generally extend to the prevertebral ganglia
What are the 5 major prevertebral ganglia
- Celiac
- Superior mesenteric
- Inferior mesenteric
- Aorticorenal
- Renal
What organs do the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the celiac ganglia generally supply
- Stomach
- Liver
- Spleen
- Small intestine
- Kidney
What organs do the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the superior mesenteric ganglia generally supply
- Small intestine
2. Colon
What organs do the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the inferior mesenteric ganglia generally supply
- Colon
- Rectum
- Genitals
- Urinary bladder
What is different about the sympathetic neurons that supply the adrenal cortex
There are no postganglionic neurons, the presympathetic neurons go through the sympathetic trunk then through the prevertebral ganglia to the adrenal medulla where they meet the Chomaffin cells which produce EP and NE
Are preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic ANS long or short
long
Are postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic ANS long or short and what are they close to
short, because they are close or within the wall of the visceral organ they innervate
Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic division of the ANS located
brain stem and the S2-S4 vertebrae
What are the 4 names for the parasympathetic ganglia of the head and what do the innervate
- Ciliary ganglion
- Pterygopalatine
- Submandibular
- Otic
What dos the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the ciliary ganglion generally supply
smooth muscle of the eyeball
What dos the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the pterygopalatine ganglion generally supply
nasal mucosa, pharynx, lacrimal glands
What dos the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the submandibular ganglion generally supply
salivary glands and the sublingual salivary glands
What does the postganglionic neurons that emerge from the otic ganglion generally supply
foramen ovale and parotid glands
What do the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate
smooth muscle of the glands in pelvic organs