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A&P1 Test 3 CNS > Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin

A

as the medulla oblongata exits the foramen magnum

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2
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate

A

between L1 and L2 as the concus medullars

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3
Q

What is the filum terminale

A

an extension of the pia mater of the CNS that arises from the concus medullaris and anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

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4
Q

What are the cervical and lumbar enlargements and what do they do

A

enlargement of the spinal cord in the in the cervical and lumbar regions that accommodates nerves from the upper and lower limbs respectively

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5
Q

What is the cauda equina

A

horse tail

nerves that remain in the vertebral canal in fine strands after the conus medullaris

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6
Q

What are the 3 meninges of the CNS

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
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7
Q

Where is the epidural space and what is its fxn

A

space between the vertebral canal and the dura mater

-provides a cushion of fat and connective tissue for the spinal cord

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8
Q

Where is the subdural space

A

space between the dura and arachnoid mater

it is filled w/ CSF

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9
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space

A

between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

it is filled w/CSF

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10
Q

Which of the meninges contains blood vessels that supply O2 and nutrients to the spinal cord

A

Pia mater

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11
Q

What is the grey commissure of the spinal cord

A

forms the crossbar of the H like structure of the spinal cord grey matter

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12
Q

What area of the spinal cord is associated w/ the somatic motor neurons

A

the anterior grey horns

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13
Q

What area of the spinal cord is associated w/ the somatic and autonomic sensory neurons

A

the posterior grey horns

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14
Q

`What area of the spinal cord is associated w/ the autonomic motor neurons

A

the lateral grey horns, only present in T1-L2 and S2-S4 of the spinal cord

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15
Q

True or False the central canal extends from the 4th ventricle down the entire length of the spine

A

True

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16
Q

What is the role of grey matter in the spine

A

it receives and integrates incoming and outgoing messages

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17
Q

Name the 3 areas of white matter in the spinal cord

A
  1. Anterior columns
  2. Lateral columns
  3. Posterior columns
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18
Q

What is another name for sensory tracts

A

ascending

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19
Q

What is another name for motor tracts

A

descending

20
Q

What are the 2 bundles of axons that connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the cord

A

The posterior root and the anterior root

21
Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs ie 62 total

8 pair cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
22
Q

Define the intervertebral formaina

A

the opening between the adjoining vertebrae

23
Q

How are spinal nerves named

A

Spinal nerve names correlate with the region and level when they exit from the vertebral column not the where they emerge from the spinal column

24
Q

What causes the observed offset of the spinal nerve names with their exit from in between vertebrae

A

Spinal cord stops growing at ~age 4-5 but vertebral column continues to grow

25
Q

Where does the first cervical pair of spinal nerves emerge

A

Between the occipital bone of the skull and the atlas (C1)

26
Q

Do the cervical spinal nerves emerge inferiorly or superiorly of the vertebrae with the same number and why is this odd

A

superiorly

all the other spinal nerves exit inferiorly to the vertebrae with the same

27
Q

What happens to the spinal nerve once it emerges from the vertebral column

A

it almost immediately divides into the dorsal primary ramus and ventral primary ramus

28
Q

What do posterior (dorsal) rami innervate

A

deep muscles and skin of the dorsal trunk

29
Q

What do anterior(ventral) rami innervate

A

muscles of the upper and lower limbs and the skin of the lateral and ventral surfaces of the trunk

30
Q

Where does the meningeal branch of the spinal nerve go after dividing off

A

It reenters the vertebral canal to supply the vertebrae

31
Q

What are plexuses

A

networks of axons that form from the anterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves they contain both motor and sensory neurons

32
Q

What are the principle plexuses of the body

A
  • Cervical plexus
  • Brachial plexus
  • Lumbar plexus
  • Sacral plexus
  • Coccygeal plexus
33
Q

Why isn’t there a thoracic plexus

A

because the thoracic spinal nerves go directly to the body structures they supply and do not form a networks of axons

34
Q

What is another name for the anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves (T2-T12)

A

Intercostal nerves

35
Q

What areas of the body does the cervical plexuses supply

A

The diaphragm and the skin and muscles of the head, neck, superior of the shoulders and chest

36
Q

What are the phrenic nerves

A

nerves that arise from c3,4 and 5 an enter cervical plexuses that supply the motor fibers of the diaphragm

37
Q

What happens if the spinal cord is severed above C5

A

breathing stops because the phrenic nerves can no longer send impulses to the diaphragm

38
Q

What areas of the body does the brachial plexuses supply

A

the shoulders and upper limbs

39
Q

What are the subunits of the brachial plexus

A

Root/ramus, Trunk, Division, Cord, Branch

Mnemonic= Read The Damn Cadaver Book

40
Q

What are the radial nerves

A

nerve that arises from the brachial plexuses and supplies the muscles of the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm

41
Q

What does radial nerve injury result in and how can it happen

A
  • results in wrist drop

- caused by improper IM injection to deltoid or a cast being too tight around the mid-humerus

42
Q

What areas of the body does the lumbar plexuses supply

A

the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and part of the lower limbs

43
Q

What areas of the body does the sacral plexuses supply

A

the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs

44
Q

What are the sciatic nerves

A

largest nerve in the body, that emerges from the sacral plexus

45
Q

True or False the sciatic nerve is actually 2 nerves

A

True, they are bound by a common sheath

46
Q

What is sciatica

A

pain that extends down the buttock to the foot that can result from a herniated disc, dislocated hip, OA, pregnancy, or improper IM injection in the gluteal muscles

A&P1 Test 3 CNS (9 decks)

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