Cerebral cortex and limbic system Flashcards
What Brodmann area is the primary somatosensory cortex?
1
What Brodmann area is the primary motor cortex?
4
What Brodmann area is the premotor cortex?
6
What Brodmann area is the posterior parietal cortex?
7
What Brodmann area is the primary visual cortex?
17
What Brodmann area is the primary auditory cortex?
41
What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?
Integration of sensory input, e.g. stereognosis
What is stereognosis?
The ability to identify an object by touching it
Injury to which area of the brain would cause a patient to be unable to recognise sounds, e.g. speech vs a door opening?
Superior temporal gyrus
Injury to the premotor cortex can result in what condition?
Ideomotor apraxia - patient is unable to act out a movement
Injury to the posterior parietal cortex can result in what condition?
Hemispatial neglect
List 3 symptoms seen in hemispatial neglect.
- Ignores contralateral body / world
- Walks into objects
- Contralateral astereognosis
Which 2 areas of the brain deal with facial, shape, and colour recognition?
Medial occipital and temporal lobes
Injury to the medial occipital and temporal lobes can result in which 2 conditions?
Cerebral Achromatopsia - can’t name / point to / match colours
Prosopagnosia - inability to recognize faces
Describe the 2 types of visual agnosia.
Associative visual agnosia - person can perceive the object but cannot recognize or name it
Apperceptive visual agnosia - patient cannot perceive the overall form of an object (may see separate parts, but cannot fit them together)
Damage to Broca’s area is associated with which type of aphasia?
Expressive aphasia
Damage to Wernicke’s area is associated with which type of aphasia?
Receptive aphasia
Damage to which part of the brain can cause both alexia and agraphia (inability to read + write) together?
Angular gyrus
Conductive aphasia is caused by damage to what structure?
Arcuate fasciculus
The arcuate fasciculus connects which 2 structures?
Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area
In split-brain, a patient cannot name objects held in which hand / in which visual field?
Left
Which artery supplies the zone of aphasia (including Broca’s and Wernicke’s area) in the left hemisphere?
Middle cerebral artery
What is the blood supply to the area of the brain which controls the lower limb?
Anterior cerebral artery
What is the blood supply to the area of the brain which controls the hands and face?
Middle cerebral artery
What is the blood supply to the basal ganglia?
Striate and choroidal vessels
The limbic system surrounds which secondary brain vesicle?
Diencephalon (thalamus + hypothalamus)
Which 2 structures comprise the cortex of the limbic system?
Hippocampus + insula
What are the 4 subcortical nuclei of the limbic system?
- Amygdala
- Accumbens
- Septal
- Hypothalamic
Which process is the hippocampus involved in?
Memory formation and recall
What is the location of the hippocampus?
Inferomedial temporal lobe
Damage to the hippocampus can result in which condition?
Anterograde amnesia - no new memory formation (often able to recall long-term memories)
What process are the mammillary bodies involved in?
Memory formation and recall
What is the location of the mammillary bodies?
Inferior surface of hypothalamus
Which vitamin deficiency can result in mammillary body damage?
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, commonly seen secondary to chronic excess alcohol use
Vitamin B1 deficiency which results in damage to the mammillary bodies is known as what condition?
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
What is the triad of symptoms in Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
- Ataxia
- Confusion / dementia
- Eye movement abnormalities
Wernicke encephalopathy can lead to which other condition? What are the symptoms of this condition?
Korsakoff psychosis
Anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulation hallucinations
The amygdala is involved in which processes?
Emotions, control of emotional behaviour, and autonomic activity
Which 2 nuclei of the limbic system are activated during sexual functions / orgasm, eating & anticipation of reward?
Septal nucleus
Accumbens nucleus
What are the 2 key drugs that activate the dopamine-activated reward circuitry of the brain?
Amphetamine + cocaine
