Cerebral cortex and limbic system

Question 1

What Brodmann area is the primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What Brodmann area is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What Brodmann area is the premotor cortex?

Answer 3

6

Question 4

What Brodmann area is the posterior parietal cortex?

Answer 4

7

Question 5

What Brodmann area is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 5

17

Question 6

What Brodmann area is the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 6

41

Question 7

What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?

Answer 7

Integration of sensory input, e.g. stereognosis

Question 8

What is stereognosis?

Answer 8

The ability to identify an object by touching it

Question 9

Injury to which area of the brain would cause a patient to be unable to recognise sounds, e.g. speech vs a door opening?

Answer 9

Superior temporal gyrus

Question 10

Injury to the premotor cortex can result in what condition?

Answer 10

Ideomotor apraxia - patient is unable to act out a movement

Question 11

Injury to the posterior parietal cortex can result in what condition?

Answer 11

Hemispatial neglect

Question 12

List 3 symptoms seen in hemispatial neglect.

Answer 12

1. Ignores contralateral body / world
2. Walks into objects
3. Contralateral astereognosis

Question 13

Which 2 areas of the brain deal with facial, shape, and colour recognition?

Answer 13

Medial occipital and temporal lobes

Question 14

Injury to the medial occipital and temporal lobes can result in which 2 conditions?

Answer 14

Cerebral Achromatopsia - can’t name / point to / match colours

Prosopagnosia - inability to recognize faces

Question 15

Describe the 2 types of visual agnosia.

Answer 15

Associative visual agnosia - person can perceive the object but cannot recognize or name it

Apperceptive visual agnosia - patient cannot perceive the overall form of an object (may see separate parts, but cannot fit them together)

Question 16

Damage to Broca’s area is associated with which type of aphasia?

Answer 16

Expressive aphasia

Question 17

Damage to Wernicke’s area is associated with which type of aphasia?

Answer 17

Receptive aphasia

Question 18

Damage to which part of the brain can cause both alexia and agraphia (inability to read + write) together?

Answer 18

Angular gyrus

Question 19

Conductive aphasia is caused by damage to what structure?

Answer 19

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 20

The arcuate fasciculus connects which 2 structures?

Answer 20

Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area

Question 21

In split-brain, a patient cannot name objects held in which hand / in which visual field?

Answer 21

Left

Question 22

Which artery supplies the zone of aphasia (including Broca’s and Wernicke’s area) in the left hemisphere?

Answer 22

Middle cerebral artery

Question 23

What is the blood supply to the area of the brain which controls the lower limb?

Answer 23

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 24

What is the blood supply to the area of the brain which controls the hands and face?

Answer 24

Middle cerebral artery

Question 25

What is the blood supply to the basal ganglia?

Answer 25

Striate and choroidal vessels

Question 26

The limbic system surrounds which secondary brain vesicle?

Answer 26

Diencephalon (thalamus + hypothalamus)

Question 27

Which 2 structures comprise the cortex of the limbic system?

Answer 27

Hippocampus + insula

Question 28

What are the 4 subcortical nuclei of the limbic system?

Answer 28

1. Amygdala
2. Accumbens
3. Septal
4. Hypothalamic

Question 29

Which process is the hippocampus involved in?

Answer 29

Memory formation and recall

Question 30

What is the location of the hippocampus?

Answer 30

Inferomedial temporal lobe

Question 31

Damage to the hippocampus can result in which condition?

Answer 31

Anterograde amnesia - no new memory formation (often able to recall long-term memories)

Question 32

What process are the mammillary bodies involved in?

Answer 32

Memory formation and recall

Question 33

What is the location of the mammillary bodies?

Answer 33

Inferior surface of hypothalamus

Question 34

Which vitamin deficiency can result in mammillary body damage?

Answer 34

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, commonly seen secondary to chronic excess alcohol use

Question 35

Vitamin B1 deficiency which results in damage to the mammillary bodies is known as what condition?

Answer 35

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Question 36

What is the triad of symptoms in Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Answer 36

1. Ataxia
2. Confusion / dementia
3. Eye movement abnormalities

Question 37

Wernicke encephalopathy can lead to which other condition? What are the symptoms of this condition?

Answer 37

Korsakoff psychosis

Anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulation hallucinations

Question 38

The amygdala is involved in which processes?

Answer 38

Emotions, control of emotional behaviour, and autonomic activity

Question 39

Which 2 nuclei of the limbic system are activated during sexual functions / orgasm, eating & anticipation of reward?

Answer 39

Septal nucleus

Accumbens nucleus

Question 40

What are the 2 key drugs that activate the dopamine-activated reward circuitry of the brain?

Answer 40

Amphetamine + cocaine