Cerebellum

Question 1

Which parts of the cerebellum makes up the vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 1

Flocculo-nodular lobe + part of vermis

Question 2

Which parts of the cerebellum makes up the spinocerebellum?

Answer 2

Vermis + Intermediate part of hemisphere (Includes Fastigial nucleus and interposed nucleus=emboliform and globose nucleus)

Question 3

Which parts of the cerebellum makes up the neocerebellum?

Answer 3

lateral part of hemisphere, including dentate nucleus.

Question 4

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

Where does the input come from and where does the output goes to?

Answer 4

Vestibulocerebellum is involved in posture and balance.
Input from vestibular nucleus via DSCT (dorsal spinocerebellar tract)
Output to vestibular nuclei

Question 5

What is the function of the spinocerebellum? Where does the input and output come from?

Answer 5

Updating ongoing movements.
Input is from primary motor via pontine nuclei + DSCT +ASCT and olivary nuclei.
Output to red nucleus.

Question 6

What is the function of the neocerebellum? Where does the input and output come from?

Answer 6

Neocerebellum initiates and plans movement, and motor learning.
Input is from the posterior parietal cortex and inferior olivary nucleus.
Output is to premotor cortex and supplementary motor area via the thalamus.

Question 7

Where does the dentate nucleus send information to?

Answer 7

Dentate nucleus sends info to the thalamus.

Question 8

Where does the fastigial nucleus send information to?

Answer 8

Fastigial nucleus sends info to the red nucleus.

Question 9

Where does the interposed nuclei send information to?

Answer 9

Interposed nuclei send info to the red nucleus.

Question 10

Describe the output from the inferior olivary nucleus.

Answer 10

Outputs are as climbing fibres to the opposite cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Question 11

What are the clinical features for lesion to spinocerebellum?

Answer 11

Ataxia and decomposition of movements (intention/action tremors)

Question 12

What are the clinical features of lesions to the vestibulocerebellar cortex?

Answer 12

Staggering gait (ipsilateral - falling to affected side)
Nystagmus on lateral gaze (contralateral)

Question 13

Which part of the brain is damaged in:

a) Tremor to resting limbs
b) Tremor to moving limbs

Answer 13

a) Tremor to resting limbs: Damage to basal ganglia

b) Tremor to moving limbs: Damage to cerebellum, specifically, spinocerebellum

Question 14

Dysdiadochokinesia and Dysmetria are clinical features resulting from damage to which part of the cerebellum?

Answer 14

Neocerebellum.

Question 15

What is the sole source of output from the cerebellar cortex?
What is the sole source of output from the entire cerebellum?

Answer 15

Only source of output from the cerebellar cortex is the Purkinje cells.
Only source of output from the entire cerebellum is the cerebellar nuclei.

Question 16

Climbing fibres originate from?

Mossy fibres originate from?

Answer 16

Climbing fibres originate exclusively from the inferior olive nucleus.
Mossy fibres originate from the pontine nuclei, the spinal cord, the brainstem reticular formation and the vestibular nuclei.

Question 17

Does the climbing fibres or the mossy fibres come in contact with the Purkinje cells? Or both?

Answer 17

Only the climbing fibres come into contact with the Purkinje cells.
Mossy fibres synapse with granule cells that synapse with parallel fibres which will come in contact with Purkinje cells.