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Neuro III > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of cerebellum

A
  1. Modulate movement i.e. error dectection

2. Learning new motor skills

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2
Q

What side of the body does the cerebellum control?

A

Ipsislateral

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3
Q

What happens if you do not have a cerebellum

A

Clumsy and uncoordinated movement

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4
Q

What is on the superior border?

A

Occipital lone

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5
Q

What is on the ventral border?

A

4th ventricle

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6
Q

What are folia?

A

External transverse folds

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7
Q

What is arbore vitae

A

tree like appearance

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8
Q

What connects the the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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9
Q

Inferior\Restiform Peduncle - Location

A

Dorsalateral aspect of the medulla

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10
Q

Inferior\Restiform Peduncle - Input\output

A

Vestibuli nerve & nuclei

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11
Q

Inferior\Restiform Peduncle - Connected to?

A

Medulla & spinal cord

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12
Q

Middle\Brachium - Input system

A

Cortex to pontine nuclei to middle peduncle

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13
Q

Superior Peduncle\ Brachium conjunctivum - Output or Input system?

A

Output system decussate in the midbrain to reach VA\VL

Decussate over quadrageia to medial leniscus to VA\VL nuclei in thalamus

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14
Q

Which peduncle provides the only connection to the cortex

A

Middle peduncle

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15
Q

What does the primary fissure seperate?

A

Anterior & posterior lobe

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16
Q

What separates the posterolateral fissure?

A

Separates posterior & flocculondular lobes

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17
Q

Tonsil - where is it located

A

Superior to forament magnum

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18
Q

How can the tonsil herniate?

A

Increases intercranial pressure

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19
Q

Flocculonodular\Vestibulocerebellum\Archiocerebellum Lobe
Function:
Input:
Output:

A

Function: Vestibular function, regulates balance, stabilization of eyes during head movements

Input: Vestibuli apparatus\nuclei (Inferior peduncle), ipsilateral

Output: Vestibuli apparatus\nuclei through inferior peduncle

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20
Q

Spinocerebellum or Paleocerebellum
Function:
Input:

A

Function: Adjust muscle tone & movement
Input: Spinal cord

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21
Q

Cerebrocerebellum\Pontocerebellum\Neocerebellum
Function:
Input:

A

Function: Planning, initiation & learning new movements
Input: Contralateral cortex through the pontine nucleus

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22
Q

Name the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

F-I-D
Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Dentate nucleus

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23
Q

Role of the cerebellar nuclei

A

Integrate cerebellar output to white matter

24
Q

Fastigeal Nucli
Input
Location:

A

Input: Vermis
Location: Spinocerebellum

25
Q

Interpossed Nuclei
Input:
Location:

A

Input: Intemediate zone of cortex
Location: Cerebrocerebellum

26
Q

Detate Nuclei
Output:
Location:

A

Output: Superior peduncle (decussate in tn the midbrain)

Location Cerebrocerebellum

27
Q

Three layers of Cerebellar cortex

A
  1. Granular Layer
  2. Purkinje Layer
  3. Molecular Layer
28
Q

5 different cell types

A 
P-I-G-M-C
P. Purkinje Cells
I.  Inhibitory Neurons
G. Granular cells
M. Mossy Fibres
C.  Climbing Fibres
29
Q

Name 2 cells that provide input?

How do they differ?

A
  1. Mossey Fibres
    Input from cerebral cortext through cortico-pontinie-
    cerebellar fibres
    1 cell terminates on many fibres
  2. Climbing Fibres
    Input from inferior olive through inferior peduncle
    1 cell terminates on 1 to 2 purkinje fibres (more specific)
30
Q

What is the role of the granular cells?

A

Recieve input from mossy fibres and synapse with purkinje cells in molecular layer.

They have weak signals so many of their parralel ibres must be activated siultaously to have an effect

31
Q

What layer do granular cells synapse with mossy fibres

A

Granular Layers

32
Q

Name the cell that provides output from cerebellum?

A

Purkinje fiberes

33
Q

Where do purkinje fibres terminate?

A

Vestibuli nuclei or Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (F-I-D)

34
Q

Name the inhibitiry nuclei

A

Basket cells
Golgi nuclei
Stellate cells

35
Q

What NT do all 5 of the cell types except granular cells use?

A

GABA = inhibitory

36
Q

What NT do granular cells use?

A

Glutamate = ecitatory

37
Q

Define Inhibitory Sculpting

A

Output from the cerebellum is modified by inhibitory signalas from purkije fibres

38
Q

What synapse is the most important for learning & memory or error correction?

A

Granular cell parrelles fibres & purkinje fibres

39
Q

How does short term error correction differ from long term motor learning (error correction)?

A

Short Term

  • Few minutes
  • Local inhibition

Long Term

  • 30 minutes
  • Change in the synthesis of membrane receptors
40
Q

Describe synaptic depression or error correction (high level)

A
  1. Pontine nucleus recognizes error and activates climbing fibers
  2. Climbing fibers synapse with Purkinjee Fibres
  3. Parallel fibers of granular cells that synapse with the same Purkinjee Fibre will be inhbited if their signal arrives at the Pur. Fiber at the same time as the error signal from the climning fiber arrives
41
Q

Describe synaptic depression or error correction (molecular level)

A

With synaptic depression

  1. Ca enters the purkinjee fiber due to climbing fiber activation AND Glu receptors are activated by Parrelel fibres from granular cells
  2. These 2 signals together activate protein kinase C
  3. PkC phosphorylates AMPA receptors which are then internalized so it results in a decreased response the next time the cells are activated
42
Q

Example of Long term motor learning

A

Correction of VOR following vestibular damage

43
Q

Name the three main functional regions of the cerebellum

A
  1. Spinocerebellum
  2. Cerebrocerebellum
  3. Vestibulocrebellum
44
Q

Spinocerebellum
Function
Input
Output Nuclei

A

Function: Regulates muscle tone & execution of movement
Input: Proprioceptive, visual & auditory Information
Output:
1. Vermis purkinje fibres that go to FASTIGIAL NUCLEUS
2. Intermediate zone purkinje fibers go to INTERPOSED NUCLEI

45
Q

Spinocerebellum
Input
Name pathways\tracts that provide input
Which peduncle do the inputs arrive through

A 
Spinocerebellar pathway
Dorsalspinocerebellar (lower limb)
Cuneocerebellar (upper limb)
Visual information
Auditory information

Inferior Peduncle

46
Q 
Spinocerebellum Output pathway 1
Which fibers?
Which peduncle?
Which side?
Which nucleus?
Where does the nucleus send signals
A 
Purkinje fibers in the vermis
Inferior peduncle
Ipsilateral side
terminiate of Fastigile nucleus
Nucleus sends signals to
- Thalamus and then cortex
- Vestibuli nuclei
- Brainstem (bilateral, influences descending pathways)
- Reticular formation
47
Q 
Spinocerebellum - Output pathway 2
Which fibers?
Which side?
Which nucleus?
Where does the nucleus send signals through which peduncle?
A

Purkinjee fibers in the intermediate zone
Ipsilateral
Interposed nucleus
Contra lateral red nucleus = influence trunk muscles activity through corticospinal tract

48
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Steps & decussation in INPUT pathway

A

Cerebral Cortex (through ipsilateral corticospinal tract)
Pontine Nuclei (transverse pontine fibers)
Decussation in pons
Middle cerebellar peducnce

49
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Steps & decussation in INPUT pathway

A

Cerebral Cortex (through ipsilateral corticospinal tract)
Potine Nuclei
Decussation in pons
Middle cerebellar peducnce

50
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Steps & decussation in OUPUT pathway

A

Purkinjee Fibres
Ipsilateral Dentate nucleus
Superior Peduncle
Ducussate in the midbrain
Thalamus VL OR Red Nucleus
Corex OR Inferior Olive
Decussate in medulla
Inferior peduncle

51
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Define molleret triange

A

Two points of decusation
Disruption = incordination
Red nucleus to Cerebellum (Denate nucleus) to Inferior Olive

52
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Name the pathway between red nucleus to inferior olive

A

Dentatorubral tract

53
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

Name the pathway between thalamus to cortex

A

Dentatothalamic tract

54
Q

Vestibulocerebellum
Function
Input
Output

A

Function: Balance & reflex eye movement
Location: Flocculonodular
Input: Vestibular apparatus & nuclei
Output: Ipsilateral vestibular nuclei

55
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

Input pathway

A

Vestibular apparatus & nuclei
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Terminate ipsislaterally as mossy fibers

56
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

Ouput pathway

A

Purkinjee fibers exit through inferior peduncle
Terminate on ipsilateral vestibular apparatus & nuclei
Influence vestibulospinal and vestibulo-ocular reflex

57
Q

Which Purkinjee Fibers are the only ones that do not terminate on the Deep Cerebellum Nuclei

A

Vestibulocerebellum

Neuro III (8 decks)

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