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cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

cerebellum responsibility for

A

coordination and predictor of movement, mediated skilled muscle and receive info from the periphery concerning the position of body and environment

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2
Q

what happen if there are lesions in the cerebellum

A

trundle instability or ipsilateral limb deficits

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3
Q

cerebellum developed from

A

rhombencephalon

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4
Q

separated left and right hemisphere by

A

vermis

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5
Q

lobes of cerebellar

A

ant, post, flocculonodular

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6
Q

mossy fibers =

A

all fibers

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7
Q

climbing fibers =

A

fiber from inferior olivary to purkinje cells

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8
Q

each side of cerebellum has 4 nuclei which are

A

On each side of cerebellum – 4 nuclei
* Dentate nucleus
* Emboliform nucleus
* Globose nucleus
* Fastigial nucleus

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9
Q

function of Corticopontocerebellar fiber

A

motor activity

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10
Q

What are the afferent fibers from the cerebral cortex responsible for motor activity?

A

Corticopontocerebellar fibers

These fibers carry signals from the cortex to the cerebellum for motor coordination.

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11
Q

Where do corticopontocerebellar fibers synapse?

A

Pontine nuclei at pons

These nuclei are crucial for relaying information to the cerebellum.

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12
Q

What type of information do corticopontocerebellar fibers carry?

A

Sensory motor, premotor, posterior parietal, and association area information

This includes various motor planning and sensory integration signals.

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13
Q

Which side does the corticopontocerebellar pathway project to?

A

Ipsilateral via internal capsule

This means the fibers from the cortex go to the same side of the cerebellum.

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14
Q

What is the function of the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

A

Motor activity coordination

It plays a key role in refining and coordinating movements.

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15
Q

What is the pathway from the pontine nuclei to the dentate nucleus called?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

This pathway transmits information from pontine nuclei to the cerebellum.

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16
Q

What is the primary output of the dentate nucleus?

A

Dentatothalamocortical pathway

This pathway conveys information from the cerebellum back to the thalamus and cortex.

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17
Q

What structure do Purkinje axons project to?

A

Deep nuclei

Purkinje cells are the primary output neurons of the cerebellar cortex.

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18
Q

What is the role of mossy fibers in the cerebellum?

A

Input to cerebellar cortex

Mossy fibers carry sensory information from various sources to the cerebellum.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ tract is responsible for carrying signals from the cortex to the pons.

A

Corticopontine

This tract is essential for relaying information to the cerebellum.

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20
Q

What is the role of the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Transmits output from the cerebellum

It carries information from the cerebellum to the thalamus.

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21
Q

True or False: The dentate nucleus is part of the deep cerebellar nuclei.

A

True

The dentate nucleus is one of the key deep nuclei involved in motor control.

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22
Q

What is the significance of the decussation in the corticopontocerebellar pathway?

A

Contralateral processing

This means that the right side of the cortex controls the left side of the body and vice versa.

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23
Q

What is the cortico-olivocerebellar fiber?

A

Axon from cerebral cortex to inferior olivary nucleus

This fiber is involved in motor control and connects to the cerebellar cortex as a climbing fiber.

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24
Q

What is the orientation of the cortico-olivocerebellar fiber to the cerebellar cortex?

A

Contralateral

This means it crosses over to the opposite side of the cerebellar cortex.

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25
What functions do cortico-olivocerebellar fibers control?
Tone and movement ## Footnote They play a role in regulating muscle tone and coordinating movement.
26
What is the cortico-reticulocerebellar fiber?
Axon from cerebral cortex (sensorimotor areas) to reticular formation ## Footnote This fiber is important for the modulation of motor functions.
27
What is the orientation of the cortico-reticulocerebellar fiber to the cerebellar cortex?
Ipsilateral ## Footnote This means it remains on the same side of the cerebellar cortex.
28
Through which pathways does the cortico-reticulocerebellar fiber connect to the cerebellar cortex?
ICP and MCP ## Footnote ICP stands for inferior cerebellar peduncle and MCP stands for middle cerebellar peduncle.
29
What is the primary function of the anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar tracts?
Integrates proprioceptive information from lower limb ## Footnote Proprioceptive information is crucial for maintaining posture and stability.
30
Where does the information from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) travel in the anterior spinocerebellar tract?
To spinal border cells then contralateral at white commissure (90% cross and 10% uncross) ## Footnote This crossing is essential for processing proprioceptive signals.
31
What type of fibers convey information to the cerebellum in the anterior spinocerebellar tract?
Mossy fibers via superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) then contralateral to cerebellum (vermis and paravermis of anterior and posterior lobes) ## Footnote Mossy fibers are critical for relaying proprioceptive information.
32
What types of sensory information does the anterior spinocerebellar tract convey?
Information from muscle joint, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ, and joint sense of lower limbs ## Footnote These sensory inputs are vital for motor control and coordination.
33
What is the role of the anterior spinocerebellar tract in maintaining posture?
For maintaining posture, posture stability, and stability of upright gait ## Footnote Proper function of this tract is essential for balance and coordination.
34
Fill in the blank: The anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar tract primarily crosses over at the _______.
white commissure
35
True or False: The anterior spinocerebellar tract conveys proprioceptive information only from the upper limbs.
False
36
37
What is the rostral spinocerebellar tract responsible for?
Integrates information from the upper limb with descending input
38
The rostral spinocerebellar tract is equivalent to which other tract?
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
39
What type of input does the rostral spinocerebellar tract utilize?
Proprioception from the upper limb and descending modulating tracts
40
Where does the input from the rostral spinocerebellar tract converge?
The cerebellum
41
Fill in the blank: The rostral spinocerebellar tract integrates information from the upper limb with _______.
descending input
42
What does the posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar tract convey?
Proprioceptive (stretch receptor, Golgi tendon & muscle spindle), touch, and pressure from lower limb and trunk (axial) ## Footnote This tract conveys sensory information to the cerebellum for processing.
43
From where does the posterior spinocerebellar tract originate?
Ipsilateral Clark's nucleus (C8-L2/3) ## Footnote Clark's nucleus is a crucial relay point for proprioceptive information.
44
Where does the posterior spinocerebellar tract send information?
To the posterolateral part of the white column ## Footnote This area is involved in processing sensory information before it reaches the cerebellum.
45
How does the posterior spinocerebellar tract enter the cerebellum?
Via mossy fiber through the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) ## Footnote This pathway is essential for transmitting information to the cerebellum.
46
What is the primary function of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?
To maintain posture and coordinate position and movement ## Footnote This tract plays a key role in motor control and balance.
47
What conditions can affect the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?
Demyelination, such as in multiple sclerosis and Friedreich ataxia ## Footnote These conditions can lead to ataxia, affecting coordination and balance.
48
What information does the cuneocerebellar tract carry?
Information from the upper limb ## Footnote This tract is specifically involved in proprioceptive feedback from the upper extremities.
49
From which segments of the spinal cord does the cuneocerebellar tract originate?
C8-C1 ## Footnote These segments are responsible for upper limb innervation.
50
Where does the cuneocerebellar tract send its information?
To the ipsilateral/accessory or lateral cuneate nucleus ## Footnote This nucleus processes sensory information before transmitting it to the cerebellum.
51
What types of proprioceptive information does the cuneocerebellar tract carry?
Muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ, and joint sense ## Footnote This information is crucial for the cerebellum to fine-tune movements.
52
How does the cuneocerebellar tract enter the cerebellum?
Via the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) ## Footnote This is the pathway for transmitting upper limb sensory information to the cerebellum.
53
What is the role of the cerebellum in relation to the cuneocerebellar tract?
To fine-tune and adjust upper limb movement immediately ## Footnote This is essential for coordination and precise motor control.
54
What does the vestibulocerebellar tract receive information about?
Head position during eye movement through the vestibulo-ocular reflex ## Footnote This tract is vital for maintaining visual stability during head movements.
55
What structures provide information to the vestibulocerebellar tract?
Inner ear (semicircular canal, utricle, and saccule) via vestibular nuclei ## Footnote These structures are integral to the vestibular system, which helps maintain balance.
56
Where does the vestibulocerebellar tract send its information?
To the flocculonodular lobe and fastigial nucleus (ipsilateral) via ICP ## Footnote The fastigial nucleus plays a key role in balance and coordination.
57
What is the primary function of the fastigial nucleus?
To project fibers to vestibular nuclei to control trunk balance and vestibuloocular projection to eye muscles via MLF ## Footnote This function helps maintain upright posture and balance.
58
What does the vestibulocerebellar tract adjust?
Axial stability and balance ## Footnote This adjustment is crucial for maintaining posture and coordination.
59
What regions of the cerebellum do most spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar tracts target?
Anterior lobe and vermis ## Footnote These regions are important for integrating sensory information and motor control.
60
What is the globose-emboliform-rubral pathway?
A pathway involved in cerebellar function
61
What is the fastigial-vestibular pathway?
A pathway related to balance and spatial orientation
62
What are the efferent fibers from the cerebellum?
Four pathways originating from Purkinje's cell axons
63
What is the function of the dentatothalamic pathway?
Relays information from the dentate nucleus to the thalamus
64
Where do Purkinje's cell axons in the dentatothalamic pathway terminate?
At the primary motor cortex (BA 4) and premotor cortex (BA 6)
65
What type of movements does the cerebellum control?
Coordination, speed, and precision of body movement
66
Cerebellum controls muscles on which side of the body?
The same side of the body
67
What is dysmetria?
Lack of finger-to-nose accuracy
68
What is dysarthria?
Slurred, arrhythmic speech
69
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
Loss of fine motor coordination
70
What does the fastigial-reticular pathway involve?
Axons from the fastigial nucleus to the reticular formation
71
What is the role of the reticulospinal tract?
Regulates muscle tone on both sides of the body
72
Fill in the blank: The axons of Purkinje's cell synapse with _______ for a relayed station.
intracerebellar nuclei
73
What are symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?
Postural instability, abnormal gait, and intentional tremors
74
What is hypotonus?
Reduced muscle tone
75
Which structure do the axons of the Purkinje's cells synapse with?
Cerebellar nuclei (fastigial, interposed, dentate)
76
What is the primary role of the cerebellum in motor activity?
To coordinate and fine-tune movements
77
True or False: The cerebellum has no control over the same side of the muscle.
False
78
What is the role of the interposed nuclei?
Involved in the coordination of movement
79
What is the clinical significance of the term 'sudenor corcbellar peduncle'?
A pathway related to cerebellar function (likely a typographical error)
80
What is the globose-emboliform-rubral pathway?
A pathway involved in cerebellar function
81
What is the fastigial-vestibular pathway?
A pathway related to balance and spatial orientation
82
What are the efferent fibers from the cerebellum?
Four pathways originating from Purkinje's cell axons
83
What is the function of the dentatothalamic pathway?
Relays information from the dentate nucleus to the thalamus
84
Where do Purkinje's cell axons in the dentatothalamic pathway terminate?
At the primary motor cortex (BA 4) and premotor cortex (BA 6)
85
What type of movements does the cerebellum control?
Coordination, speed, and precision of body movement
86
Cerebellum controls muscles on which side of the body?
The same side of the body
87
What is dysmetria?
Lack of finger-to-nose accuracy
88
What is dysarthria?
Slurred, arrhythmic speech
89
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
Loss of fine motor coordination
90
What does the fastigial-reticular pathway involve?
Axons from the fastigial nucleus to the reticular formation
91
What is the role of the reticulospinal tract?
Regulates muscle tone on both sides of the body
92
Fill in the blank: The axons of Purkinje's cell synapse with _______ for a relayed station.
intracerebellar nuclei
93
What are symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?
Postural instability, abnormal gait, and intentional tremors
94
What is hypotonus?
Reduced muscle tone
95
Which structure do the axons of the Purkinje's cells synapse with?
Cerebellar nuclei (fastigial, interposed, dentate)
96
What is the primary role of the cerebellum in motor activity?
To coordinate and fine-tune movements
97
True or False: The cerebellum has no control over the same side of the muscle.
False
98
What is the role of the interposed nuclei?
Involved in the coordination of movement
99
What is the clinical significance of the term 'sudenor corcbellar peduncle'?
A pathway related to cerebellar function (likely a typographical error)

MD216 (17 decks)

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