Cephalosprins And Carbapenams Flashcards
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What are common indications of oral and parenteral cephalosporins and carbapenams?
Oral-
Second and third line options for treatment of
UTI
pneumonia
other RTI
Parenteral-
Both carbapenems and cephalosporins are reserved for infections very severe or complicated or caused antibiotic resistance organism
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What is the spectrum of activity?
Broad spectrum
Against gram negative (pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Against gram positive
(S. Aureus)
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What are the benefits of cephalosporins and carbapenems over penicillins?
Naturally more resistant to β-lactamases than penicillins, due to :
fusion of the β-lactam ring with a dihydrothiazine ring (cephalosporins)
a unique hydroxyethyl side chain (carbapenems).
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What are important side effects?
GI upset
C.difficile
Rare:
With parenteral use can cause seizures
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
Who should be prescribed with caution?
Dose reduction in renal impairment
Risk of c.diff
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What are important interactions?
Warfarin
Valproate
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What are first gen cephalosporin and how are they differentiated?
‘cefa’
Cefalexin
cefadroxil (BD)
CEFrAdine
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What is second generation cephalosporins and how are tgey differentiated?
‘2 foxes for tea’
Cefuroxime
Cefaclor( used in protracted skin reactions esp in children)
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What us 3rd line cephalosporins and how are they differentiated?
Mainly given parenterally except cefixime
All contain a T except cefixime
CefTriaxone (OD, treats meningitis)
CefoTaxime(treats meningitis)
Ceftazidime
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
What is 5th generation?
Has extended spectrum
Ceftaroline used in CAP and complicated skin and soft tissue infections
CEPHALOSPORIN AND CARBAPENAMS:
Which generation of cephalosporins is antibiotic associated colitis more common in?
2nd and 3rd generation
