Cephalosporins

Question 1

Cephalosporins - MOA

Answer 1

B-lactam - bacteriacidal

Question 2

Cephalosporins - elimination

Answer 2

kidney except for cetriaxone

dose reduced with kidney impairment

Question 3

Cephalosporins - interactions

Answer 3

cefazolin and cefotetan - alcohol

cefotetan, cefzoline, and ceftriaxone - drugs that promote bleeding

Question 4

1st gen - drugs 3

Answer 4

cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalexin

Question 5

2nd gen - drugs - 5

Answer 5

cefaclor, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime

Question 6

3rd gen - drugs - 8

Answer 6

cefdinir, cefditoren, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone

Question 7

1st gen - uses

Answer 7

gram +; staph or strep

use in pts with a mild PCN allergy, surgical prophylaxis

Question 8

2nd gen - uses

Answer 8

Gram + and -; H. influenzae, klebsiella, pneumococci, and stachylococci
use for otitis, sinusitis, and RTI

Question 9

3rd gen - uses

Answer 9

Gram -; pseudomonas aeruginosa, gonorrhoeae, klebsiella; meningitis

Question 10

Cabapenems (Imipenem)- MOA

Answer 10

B-lactam ring; broad spectrum

Question 11

Cabapenems (Imipenem) - spectrum

Answer 11

most organisms - those that are resistant to others

gram+ cocci and most gram - cocci and bacilli, and anaerobic (the most effective)

Question 12

Cabapenems (Imipenem) - how is it given

Answer 12

IV

Question 13

Cabapenems (Imipenem) - interactions

Answer 13

reduces levels of valproate

Question 14

Vancomycin - MOA

Answer 14

does not have B lactame ring, but does inhibit cell wall synthesis - bactericidal

Question 15

Vancomycin - spectrum

Answer 15

only gram+, S.aereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis (including MRSA); C. diff, SERIOUS INFECTIONS

Question 16

Vancomycin - AE

Answer 16

renal toxicity

Question 17

MRSA - initial episode (mild or mod)

Answer 17

Vanc PO or fidaxomicin, alternative - metrodonizole

Question 18

MRSA - initial episode (severe)

Answer 18

Metrodonizole and Vanc PO

Question 19

MRSA - 1st recurrance

Answer 19

Vanc on tapered and pulsed regimen or fidaxomicin for 10 days; alternate - Vanc standard for 10days if metrodonizole was used in1st occurance

Question 20

MRSA - 2nd recurrance

Answer 20

Vanc in a tapered regimen; alternate - addition of rifaximin after van

Question 21

Telavacin - Use

Answer 21

IV therapy of complicated skin infections; vanc resistant strains when linezolid, daptomycin, or tigecycline cant be used

Question 22

Telavacin - AE

Answer 22

taste disturbance, N/V, foamy urine, red man syndrome prolongs QT interval, renal toxicity

Question 23

Fosfomycin

Answer 23

uncomplicated UTI caused by E.coli or E. faecalis (not 1st line)