Central Nervous System Flashcards
Name two types of neural tissue
Neurons
Neuroglia
Describe the structure of neurons
They have a large cell body (soma) containing a nucleus with dendrites protruding
Receptive area that detect a stimulus
Slender projection called an axon covered in schwann cells
Axon ends in axon terminals
What percentage of neural tissue makes up the brain and spinal cord?
98%
Explain the role of neuroglia
They are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support, nutritional needs and myelin
Describe the classification of neurons
Functional classification of neurons includes:
- Sensory (afferent) neurons
- Motor (efferent) neurons
- Interneurons
What do interneurons do?
Act as messengers for impulse signals in CNS between sensory and motor neurons
There are six types of of neuroglia, how many are in the PNS and CNS?
Four in the CNS
Two in the PNS
List the neuroglia found in the CNS
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
What do astrocytes function as?
Wrap around capillaries and form the Blood Brain Barrier
List the neuroglia found in the CNS
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
What do astrocytes function as?
Wrap around capillaries and form the Blood Brain Barrier
What do microglia do?
Help protect CNS via phagocytosis of waste,
debris and pathogens
What do Oligodendrocytes do?
Form a ‘myelin sheath’ along axons in CNS that permits faster transmission of information
What do ependymal cells do?
Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal
of the spinal cord and secrete cerebrospinal fluid CSF
List the neuroglia found in the PNS
- Schwann cells
- Satellite cells
