Biochemistry

Question 1

Everything in the universe is composed of matter which is defined as?

Answer 1

▫ Anything that has mass and volume

▫ Is composed of chemical elements

Question 2

How many elements does the human body usually contain?

Answer 2

26

Question 3

Define the structure of an atom

Answer 3

Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles:

• Protons
• Electrons
• Neutrons

Question 4

Explain atomic stability and reactivity

Answer 4

• An atom is stable if it’s valence shell is full
• An atom is unstable and reactive if the valence shell is not full
• An unstable atom reacts with other atoms to try to fill its valence shell

Question 5

Describe how an ion is formed

Answer 5

Ions (charged particles) are formed when atoms gain, lose or share elections, resulting in the creation of compounds and molecules

Question 6

Atoms that carry an electrical charge are called?

Answer 6

Ions

Question 7

There are two types of ions, what are they?

Answer 7

• Anion

- Cation

Question 8

Define anion

Answer 8

A negatively-charged atom that has more electrons than protons

Question 9

Define cation

Answer 9

A positively-charged atom that has more protons than electrons

Question 10

Why is reactivity essential for life?

Answer 10

Atoms are constantly changing and bonding with others to form molecules and compounds which makes life possible

Question 11

List the types of chemical bonds

Answer 11

• Ionic
• Hydrogen
• Covalent

Question 12

Explain ionic bonds

Answer 12

Bonds that are held together by electrical attraction

between cations and anions form between ions and produce an ionic compound

Question 13

Explain covalent bonds

Answer 13

• They are formed when atoms share electrons
• They are the strongest and most common bond in the body
• Are mostly single or double covalent bonds in biological organisms

Question 14

Define single covalent bonds

Answer 14

Sharing of two electrons

Question 15

Define double covalent bonds

Answer 15

Sharing of four electrons

Question 16

Define non-polar covalent bonds

Answer 16

The equal sharing of electrons

Question 17

Define polar covalent bonds

Answer 17

The unequal sharing of electrons

Question 18

What is the functions of hydrogen bonds?

Answer 18

• Influence 2D & 3D protein shape
• Link water molecules and create surface tension in water
• Hold DNA bases together

Question 19

Explain how atoms share electrons to create covalent bonds

Answer 19

Atoms share electrons to complete their valence shell making them more stable in doing so