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Physiology > Central Fatigue > Flashcards

Central Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

True/False: Afferent feedback is an important mechanism in central fatigue

A

True, feedback from fatigued muscles sends signals which can influence the ability to maintain muscle performance

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a key neurotransmitter in the regulation of Central Fatigue?

  1. Serotonin
  2. Adrenaline
  3. Dopamine
  4. Adenosine
A
  1. Adrenaline, it is an important neurotransmitter but hasn’t been associated with central fatigue
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3
Q

True/False: Dopamine synthesis and metabolism increase with exercise

A

True

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4
Q

Which of the following may central fatigue result from?

  1. Reduced force or ability to sustain the required power over time
  2. Reduced motor output
  3. Increased serotonin synthesis, reduced dopamine synthesis, hypoglycaemia and hyperthermia
  4. Increased serotonin synthesis, increased dopamine synthesis, hyperglycaemia and hyperthermia
A
  1. Increased serotonin synthesis, reduced dopamine synthesis, hypoglycaemia and hyperthermia
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5
Q

True/False: Caffeine supplementation increases exercise tolerance by reducing central, not peripheral fatigue

A

False, caffeine acts both centrally and peripherally.

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6
Q

How does caffeine act centrally?

A

Enhances dopamine release, which is critical in motivation/reward, pleasure and motor control/coordination.

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7
Q

During exercise how does extra fatty acid help build dopamine and serotonin?

A

Fatty acids cause tryptophan to be released from albumin. Supplementing (BCAA), less tryptophan crosses the blood brain barrier

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8
Q

True/False: Glucose is involved in both central and peripheral fatigue

A

True, glucose is a fuel that muscles rely on. A lack of affects peripherally, the brain is also dependent on glucose so it also affects centrally.

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9
Q

What is central fatigue related to?

A

Reduced neural output of central structures

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10
Q

What is the central governor model (CGM)?

A

It predicts that neural control systems in the brain and spinal cord establish the number of motor units activated in the muscle to ensure homeostasis is maintained

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11
Q

What is central fatigue?

A

Force decline caused by a reduction in the moroneuron firing frequency, caused by reduced excitatory drive from the brain

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12
Q

What is the role Noradrenaline?

NA

A
  • Implicated in regulation of attention, arousal and sleep cycles
  • Learning and memory
  • Anxiety, pain & mood
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13
Q

What is does too much Serotonin lead to?

5-HT

A

Tiredness and lethargy

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14
Q

Why do we want more dopamine?

A

To increase motivation, reward & attention

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15
Q

What happened to the rats when injected with the 5-HT agonist compared to the 5-HT antagonist?

Agonist - Mimics 5-HT, Antagonist - Counteract the effect of 5-HT

A

The endurance time was less than the control for the agonist, and longer for the antagonist

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16
Q

What mechanism separates the brain & spinal cord from the rest of the body?

A

Blood-brain barrier

17
Q

At rest, is there a high or low ratio of free Typtophan compared to branched chain amino acids?

A

Low

18
Q

True/False: If there is a greater ratio of BCAA to f-Trp in the blood then a similar ratio will be transported to the brain

A

True, they use the same transport mechanism so the ratio is kept similar

19
Q

What is an essential building block of Serotonin?

A

Tryptophan

20
Q

Why is there more f-Trp during exercise than at rest?

A

The Trp is originally binded to the albumin however as there are more FFA, they bind to the albumin and kick the Trp off

21
Q

What happens to the ratio of f-Trp to BCAA during exercise?

A

It increases as some of the BCAA can be used to generate energy

22
Q

Why is more serotonin produced during exercise than at rest?

A

As there is a much larger ratio of Trp to BCAA, a lot more Trp will travel through to the brain than BCAA so more serotonin will be produced

23
Q

What is the aim of BCAA supplementation?

A

To reduce the amount of serotonin produced during exercise by decreasing the ratio of f-Trp to BCAA by increasing the amount of BCAA

24
Q

What happened in the rat trial when they were given Amphetamines to try increase brain dopamine activity?

A

Up to a certain dose, the endurance time increase however anymore than this dose would have a negative affect on the endurance time

25
Q

True/False: Fatigue can be delayed by increasing dopamine

A

True

26
Q

What is the essential building block of dopamine?

A

Tyrosin

27
Q

Why would soldiers who took Tyrosine be better at a tracking task than a placebo group?

A

Tyrosine is a building block of dopamine which increases motor control

28
Q

True/False: Dopamine is affected by caffeine

A

True, caffeine enhances dopamine release

29
Q

How does hypoglycaemia affect muscle activation?

A

The brain sends a signal down the spinal cord, the peripheral motor neurone then recieves less signal if the brain doesn’t have enough glucose.

30
Q

True/False: Reduced performance associated with low blood glucose levels indicates central fatigue

A

False, it would be true if it said MAY indicate.

31
Q

Why is there 2 peaks of brain activity after a glucose intake?

A

The 1st peak is when it is in the mouth and the receptors detect it.
The 2nd peak (~ 10 mins after) is when the glucose is actually being absored

32
Q

True/False: Swirling a glucose drink and not swallowing it can reduce your time-trial time

A

True, the brain is already in anticipation of glucose arriving which delays the central fatigue

33
Q

How can we test for central fatigue with hyperthermia?

A

If by zapping the muscle during the period after the hyperthermia trial they can reach a higher force output then it suggest there is no peripheral fatigue

Physiology (13 decks)

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