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CEN > CEN RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

CEN RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

How can a nurse determine if ego phony is present in a patient?

A

_If the patient says “e” and “a” is heart over a particular area

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2
Q

Bronchophony : ask the patient to say ____in a normal voice. Expected finding is that the words will be _____. It is present when the word is heard

A

_99; indistinct ; Clearly

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3
Q

Whispered Pectoriloquy: Ask the patient to whisper a sequence of work such a _____normally only ______ sounds are heard. Over areas of tissue abnormality, the ______sounds will be _____ and _____

A

1, 2, 3; whispered,; clear and distinct.

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4
Q

Factors that could impair the accuracy of pulse ox

A

Increased bilirubin
Black,blue, brown, greens and gold nails polish can alter pulse ox readings. RED WOULD NOT AFFECT
Ambient light , motion artifact , edema and PIERCED EARLOBE.

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5
Q

Predominant symptoms of acute bronchitis

A

Cough

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6
Q

Finding found specific to hyperinflation of the lungs and

A

HyperRESONANCE OF lungs

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7
Q

A complication of CPR in elderly or frail patients is

A

sternal fracture

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8
Q

When you hear bowel sounds in the thoracic cavity , you would suspect what kind of injury? Because

A

Diaphragm rupture ; herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity.

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9
Q

Sing of Diaphragm rupture

A

bowel sound in the thoracic cavity

undigested food or fecal matter in the chest tube drainage system.

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10
Q

Severe pain will cause a patient to HYPERVENTILATE thus causing what acid-base imbalance

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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11
Q

In respiratory alkalosis, the pH is _____and the pCO2 level is ____

A

high; Low

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12
Q

Common causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema:

A

ARDS, kidney failure, SUBMERSION INJURY, high altitude pulmonary edema, drug overdose.

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13
Q

Virchow’s Triad describes 3 COMMON risk factors for thrombosis formation which are

A

Venous stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulable states

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14
Q

the MOST FREQUENT cause of upper airway obstruction in CHILDREN

A

Acute LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS (CROUP)

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15
Q

Coup mostly occur during which season ?_______and affect kids from ____ and ___. There is _______ most frequently at ______ accompanied by a ___________ —– focough. May experience _____and ________

A

Winter; 6 months; 3 years. Respiratory distress; large barking cough; Tachypnea; tachycardia.

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16
Q

Asthma is characterized by these 3 thing

A

Hyper-reactivity
Airflow limitation
Inflammation

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17
Q

Four classification of asthma

Intermittent asthma

A

symptoms 2x/week or less
nighttime sx 2x/month or less
inhaler 2x/week or less
Symptoms does not interfere with activity

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18
Q

Four classification of asthma

Mild Persistent asthma

A

symptoms more than 2x/week or less but less than once a day
nighttime sx 2x/month or less
inhaler more than 2x/week but not daily
minor limitation with activity

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19
Q

Four classification of asthma

Moderate Persistent asthma

A

symptoms daily
nighttime sx more than once a week but not daily
inhaler daily
some limitation with activity

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20
Q

Four classification of asthma

Severe Persistent asthma

A

Continual daytime symptoms
Frequent nighttime symptoms
limited to no control of symptoms
Limitation with normal activities.

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21
Q

Use to located a bleeding site withing the chest

A

Laryngoscopy

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22
Q

Symptoms of ARDS include

A

dyspnea
tachypnea
Tachycardia.
Anxiety

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23
Q

To create an emergency airway, where would you do it?

A

CRICOTHYROID membrane

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24
Q

Infants have _______ oxygen reserve due to _____ oxygen consumption

A

less; GREATER

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25
Q

Extension of neonate’s head may cause what ?

A

Tracheal extubation

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26
Q

Flexion of a neonate’s may lead to ____

A

Mainstem intubation .

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27
Q

Treatment of CO include

A

Administration of 100% oxygen

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28
Q

CO can lead to ____________; and the antidote is ________because it decreases what?

A

tissue hypoxia; 100% oxygen ; the half life of CO

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29
Q

This can also be given for CO poisoning

A

hyperbaric oxygen ; patient breathes oxygen under increased atmospheric pressure.

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30
Q

Pleural effusions can either be

A

Transudative

Exudative

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31
Q

Transudate fluid is seen in

A

LV failure
Cirrhosis of liver
hypoalbuminemia
Constrictive pericarditis.

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32
Q

Exudative fluid

A

Pancreatitis

pneumonia with pus (empyema)

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33
Q

What causes transudate fluid?caused by __________________fluid leaking from the _________ into the pleural space. As a result of ____________ ________pressure or ___________oncotic pressure

A

Water and protein-free fluid ; capillaries ; Increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure; decreased oncotic pressure.

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34
Q

During expiration , the diaphragm ______ and the intercostals _____

A

relax; relax

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35
Q

During inspiration, diaphragm ______ , the thorax increases in _______and the lungs are ______

A

contracts; size; stretched

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36
Q

the lungs lobes are separated by

A

fissures

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37
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have ____ and how many segments_____

A

3 lobes; 10 segments

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38
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have _______ and how many segments ____

A

2 lobes; 8 segments.

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39
Q

The primary functional units of the Lungs are

A

Lobules.

40
Q

karate kick injury or CLOTHELINE Injury to the neck MOST LIKELY result in

A

Tracheobronchial disruption

41
Q

Acid gain leads to

A

Acidosis

42
Q

Acid loss leads to

A

Alkalosis

43
Q

After failed intubation, the nurse should prepare the patient for

A

CRICOTHYROTOMY

44
Q

What the MOST COMMONLY SEEN rib fractures?

A

ribs 4 through 9

45
Q

What is the total volume of air that the lungs can HOLD?

A

5500-6000 ml

46
Q

What is the total volume of air that can be inhaled?

A

3500ml

47
Q

What is the total volume of air that can be exhaled?

A

4500ml

48
Q

What is the most common and potentially LIFE THREATENING chest injury>

A

Pulmonary contusion

49
Q

Blood pH level less than 7.35 is _____ and the process that creates it is called __________

A

Acidemia; acidosis

50
Q

Blood pH level less than 7.45 is _____ and the process that creates it is called __________

A

Alkalemia; alkalosis.

51
Q

RSV is the MOST COMMON Virus responsible for CAUSING which pediatric illness

A

BRONCHIOLITIS

52
Q

Vocal fremitus decreased, causes could be

A

bronchial obstruction
emphysema
pleural effusion
pneumothorax.

53
Q

Vocal fremitus INCREASED causes could be

A 
Pneumonia
overly large airways
Tumor
Pulmonary infarction 
pulmonary fibrosis
54
Q

ARDS characterized by

A

Diffuse alveolar injury
loss of surfactant
DECREASED LUNG compliance

55
Q

Emphysema will cause an increase in

A

Intra-thoracic volume

56
Q

What can cause increase in intra-abdominal volume?

A

Abdominal distention
Ascites
pregnancy
Hepatomegaly

57
Q

Tumors lead to pleural effusion by

A

Obstructing the flow of lymphatic drainage.

58
Q

An acute infection of DISTAL airways, lung interstitium and infection of alveoli is knowns as

A

PNEUMONIA

59
Q

2 most common causes of PNA

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Haemophillus Influenzae

60
Q

SUBMERSION injury AKA _________ leads to respiratory impairment from submersion in liquid

A

near-drowning

61
Q

Treatment of submersion injury or near-drowning is

A

slowing and preventing the progression of neurologic impairment

62
Q

Breath sound that sound like “snoring “ are

A

Rhonchi

63
Q

Grating or scratching breath sound are called

A

Pleural friction rub.

64
Q

High pitched whistle that you DONT NEED A STETHOSCOPE to hear

A

STRIDOR

65
Q

Normal calcium level for a child______and for adult _____

A
  1. 8-10.8

9. 0-10.5

66
Q

When pH is decreased what happens to the respiratory rate?

A

Rate and depth increases

67
Q

The most important lab for CO poisoning

A

Carboxyhemoglobin level.

68
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Soft intensity, low pitch, rustling quality

69
Q

Broncho-vesicular breath sound

A

medium intensity, medium pitch, breezy quality

70
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Loud intensity, high pitch, hollow quality,

71
Q

The most common AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION in children

A

Tongue.

72
Q

Percussion tone most likely heard in normal lungs________and in Hyperinflated lungs

A

RESONANT; hyperresonant

73
Q

The upper portion of the trachea that connects the trachea with the LARYNGOPHARYNX

A

LARYNX

74
Q

Airway passage located through the vocal cords

A

Glottis

75
Q

Obligate nose breathers are

A

0-6 months

76
Q

Most appropriate intervention for infant with FB

A

Administer 5 back blows

and 5 chest thrusts.

77
Q

An _________myocardial workload is an indication for oxygen therapy not a (n)_____

A

Increased; decrease

78
Q

Whooping cough is associated with________patient should be _____precautions; it is caused by _______- ______

A

acute bacterial infection with an incubation period of 7-10 days; droplet; Bordetella pertussis.

79
Q

Bronchi are supported by

A

Cartilage

Smooth muscle

80
Q

What is the most IMPORTANT chemical buffer of acid-base regulation

A

BICARBONATE

81
Q

HyPOPNEA defined as

A

Shallow ventilation or SLOWER than normal rate

82
Q

Regular ventilation with slow rate

A

BRADYPNEA

83
Q

Diffusion is the

A

movement of gas between ALVEOLI, RBCs, and plasma

84
Q

Perfusion is

A

Movement of blood through the pulmonary capillaries.

85
Q

Ventilation is

A

movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli.

86
Q

__________ is an acid regulated by the lungs

A

carbonic

87
Q

___________is an acid regulated by the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid

88
Q

__________is an acid regulated by the muscles

A

Lactic

89
Q

__________ acids build protein from food

A

Amino

90
Q

What are the four sinuses that surrounds and drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid
Frontal
Maxillary
Sphenoid

91
Q

An initial indication that the patient has hypoxia is ____________ which is then followed by ______

A

restlessness; confusion

92
Q

If there is a new _______the ventilator may alarm

A

pneumothorax

93
Q

Meningitis, encephalitis, and head trauma may causes of which respiratory rhythms

A

Biot’s

94
Q

Kussmaul’s respiration caused by

A

metabolic acidosis

Peritonitis

95
Q

What are the 3 D’s of Epiglottitis

A

Drooling
Dysphagia
Distress.

CEN (9 decks)

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