Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CEN > CEN Cardiovascular > Flashcards

CEN Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Possible causes of Hypertensive emergency

A 
Cocaine use 
amphetamine use
Eclampsia
PHEOCHROMCYTOMA
AORTIC DISSECTION
ALCOHOL WITHDRAWL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treatment of Hypertensive emergency includes _______

A

Vasoactive infusion with NITROPRUSSIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When the patient has lost 35 % of his blood volume it is classified as _________and HR is _____
When the patient lost less than 15 %-30% it is ______and HR is ________or less
When the patient lost loss more than 40% of blood volume and is HR Is ____ or less
When a patient has lost less than 15 % of blood volume it is classified as __________ and HR is less than _____

A

Class III Hemorrhagic shock (30-40%; 125
Class II hemorrhagic shock; more than 100
Class IV hemorrhagic shock; less than 140
Class I hemorrhagic shock ; less than 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Colloids should be used when ______ ______ is increased. For example , it should not be used in ______, _____ or ____During the first ___ to __ hours

A

capillary permeability
sepsis, anaphylaxis burns
24- 48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the LEAST FAVORABLE site for IV during CPR and why?

A

Subclavian site

because CPR has to stop and it increased the chance for pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Compensatory stage of shock symptoms are

A

Tachycardia
Blood pressure changes
Tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Irreversible (REFRACTORY) stage of shock symptoms are:

A

MODS and death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SUBJECTIVE clinical presentation of progressive stage of schok

A

Anorexia,
nausea
chest pain
dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uncompensated (PROGRESSIVE) stage of shock include

A

Hypotension
Hypothermia
Dysrhythmias
Tachypnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 MOST COMMON Causes of obstructive shock

A

PE
Cardiac Tamponade
Tension Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following positions may be helpful for the patient in shock? because it promotes _______ ______ to the ____side of the heart and therefore increases _______

A

Supine with legs elevated. Venous return; right; Cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Trendelenburg position is NOT recommended for shock as it increases________

A

Intracranial pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common causes of Cardiopulmonary arrest

5 Hs and 5Ts

A 
Hypovolemia
hypoxia
hydrogen ions
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypothermia

Toxins
Tension (pneumothorax)
Thrombosis
Tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

patient taking anabolic steroids are at increased risk for

A

Heart attack, stroke
altered carb metabolism
IMMUNOSUPRESSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A packed of RBC can raise hemoglobin by ____ mg/dl

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Torsades de pointes is associated with which cardiac dysrhythmias which consists of _______Vtach

A

Polymorphic:; HYPOMAGNESEMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In pregnant women, CO increases by ____ %, HR increased by ___ -___ bpm, and BP DECREASED __ -___mmghg

A

30; 15-20bpm; 15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gestational hypertension defined as SBP >______and diastolic > ____

A

140; 90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A condition NOT ASSOCIATED with low voltage across the precordium ______; it is rated associated with poor

A

Left BBB; R-wave progression across the precordium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conditions associated with low voltage:

A

Pericardial effusion
Obesity
Amyloid heart disease
EMPHYSEMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BEAU CHOPS mnemonic for pregnant woman in cardiopulmonary arrest stands for

A 
Bleeding
Embolism
Anesthetic complications
Uterine atony
Cardiac disease
Hypertension
Others (Hs and Ts)
Placental abruption or previa
Sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Patients with ARTERIAL peripheral vascular disease experience _________ while patients with VENOUS peripheral arterial vascular disease experience______ pain

A

CLAUDICATION

cramping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Arterial vascular experience

A

excruciating pain, DIMINISHED pulses, PALE color and COOL temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Venous peripheral vascular experience

A

Cramping, NORMAL pulses, normal or RUDDY color and WARM temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In a patient with a hemothorax, the nurse should prepare for emergent surgery if the initial drainage is more than

A

1500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

For hemothorax, there may be

A

blunting of the costophrenic angle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nitroglycerin decreases _______ and it is a potent

_______

A

preload

vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If the transducer of hemodynamic monitoring system is low, the reading will be ______; the transducer need to be _____ and balanced to ____ before use and the patient should be in a ___ position

A

Too high ; leveled; zero. supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The transducer should be zeroed at and placed _______ level with the _____ atriaum

A

horizontally; right.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Causes of pericarditis include

A

TB
MI
AORTIC DISSECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In a trauma patient without a gag reflex, you will need to use a ____________ airway adjunct in order to hold the tongue away from the patient’s ________

A

OROPHARYNGEAL

Hypopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When a basal skull fracture is NOT SUSPECTED, to hold the tongue away from the patient a __________airway adjunct can be used

A

NASOPHARYNGEAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Symptoms of right sided HF (NAJP)

A 
peripheral edema
JVD
ASCITES 
NAUSEA
S3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Symptoms of Left side HF (SPECD)

A

SOB
dyspnea
crackles
Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Extensive ANTERIOR infarct include location

A

Left MAIN or LAD artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

LATERAL infarct is the (LATCIRC)

A

circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Inferior infarct :

A

RCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ventricular repolarization is the

A

T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Atrial depolarization is the

A

P wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Depolarization of the right and left ventricles

A

QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ventricular depolarization

A

R wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A patient with a complete Heart block with an intact sinus would most likely use an _______ ______ ______- pacer

A

Atrial triggered ventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Patient who have a complete heart block with a slow idioventricular rhythm

A

Fixed-rate ventricular pacer

44
Q

For patient with sick sinus syndrome, sinus brady, sinus arrest or complete HB

A

Demand ventricular pacer is used.

45
Q

Patients with a consistently slow sinus rate with an intact AV nodal conductions

A

Fixed rate atrial pacer

46
Q

Best describes the function of a transducer

A

Converts a mechanical signal into an electrical signal.

47
Q

What increases the magnitude of an electrical signal and filters out the electrical interference?

A

Amplitude.

48
Q

the four pulmonary veins supply the _____atrium

A

LEFT

49
Q

The inflow tracts of the RIGHT ATRIUM include

A

Thebesian veins
Superior and inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

50
Q

Ectopy has _____beats and ______does not

A

Fusion ; aberrancy does not.

51
Q

Which hemodynamic parameter pressures is measured by mean, systolic, and diastolic________and it measure pressure of the

A

PA pressure ; Pulmonary artery

52
Q

Conditions with elevated PAP

A

Pulmonary HTN
COPD
PE
LV failure

53
Q

If a patient is receiving sympathomimetic agents, the diastolic pressure is expected to be _____ while the pulse pressure _______

A

higher; narrowed

54
Q

If a patient is receiving vasodilators, diastolic pressure is expected to be _____while the pulse pressure is ________

A

Lower; widened

55
Q

_________heavy pigment that occurs during shock when muscle tissue has been destroyed or

A

Myoglobinuria ; Rhabdomyolosis

56
Q

When the patient has penetrating blunt trauma above the nipple line, his ______ ___ must be immobilized with the assessment of his airway

A

Cervical spine

57
Q

________Infection of the mucous membrane caused by bacteria ________ _______

A

Diphteria; corynebacterium diphteriae

58
Q

Example of parasitic infection is_______

A

Toxoplasmosis

59
Q

Example of HELMINTHIC infection

A

Trichinosis

60
Q

Age related cardiovascular changes include

A

Decreased blood vessel compliance
decreased INOTROPIC response to stimulation
Decreased Chronotropic response to stimulation
Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity

61
Q

Which shock is characterized by decreased circulating volume

A

Hypovolemic

62
Q

Conditions with HIGH URINE OSMOLALITY

A 
Dehydration
HF
Renal stenosis
glycosuria
HYPERNATREMIA
63
Q

Conditions with lower urine osmolality

A

DI
acute renal insufficiency
EXCESS WATER INTAKE
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS>

64
Q

Define urine osmolality? Is it more accurate than specific gravity

A

measure the number of dissolved particles per unit of water in urine. Yes.

65
Q

The SEMILUNAR VALVES are ______ and they caused the _____heart sound (S2)

A

AORTIC

PULMONIC

66
Q

The ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES are ____ and ______and they caused the ___ heart sound (S1)

A

Tricuspid and mitral

67
Q

Nitroprusside has a ____onset and should be titrated _____

A

rapid; slowly

68
Q

Parameters consistent with adequate fluid resuscitation are

A 
CVP 8-12
MAP > 60-70
SBP >90
UO> 30
Normal lactate
SVO2 65-75
69
Q 
Normal hematocrit is women
Normal hematocrit men
Normal hemoglobin women
Normal hemoglobin men
Normal WBC
A 
37-47%
42-52
12-16
14-18
5800-10800
70
Q

Lithium may cause______other drugs also included TCA, phenytoin,

A

Dysrhythmias oh

71
Q

Doxorubicin may cause

A

Cardiomyopathy

72
Q

Phenothiazine can cause _______ in patients with cardiovascular disease

A

Hypotension

73
Q

Patients with pneumothorax experiences pain on the _____ side and that radiates to the _____ or _____

A

affected; shoulders; neck

74
Q

Patients with Dissecting aortic aneurysm chest pain is located in anterior chest,, radiates to

A

shoulder, back , abdomen

75
Q

During compensated shock, the ___________ hormone encourages the _______cortex to release ______ and ________

A

Adrenocorticosteroid; adrenal ; glucocorticosteroid and aldosterone.

76
Q

During the compensated shock, the antidiuretic hormone causes _____ and ______ of water at the ______

A

retention; vasoconstriction; renal tubules.

77
Q

During the compensated shock, aldosterone encourages the reabsorption of water and sodium at the

A

Renal tubule.

78
Q

Which layer of the cardiac wall keeps the heart in a stationary position

A

PERICARDIUM

79
Q

A little as ____ to ____ ml of blood in the pericardia sac can have a detrimental effect on cardiac output

A

100-150

80
Q

May improve pulmonary congestion by forcing alveolar fluid back into the pulmonary capillaries

A

BIPAP

81
Q

Type of angina characterized by coronary artery spasms________occurs usually between _____ and ______

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

midnight and early morning

82
Q

Associated with critical proximal stenosis

A

Wellens syndrome

83
Q

normal cardiac index is _______
Subclinical hypoperfusion CI
Clinical hypoperfusion CI

A
  1. 5-4
  2. 2-2.5
  3. 0-2.2
84
Q

Pt presented to ED stated that ICD fired 3 time, initial intervention include

A

Tap a magnet over the ICD to prevent firing and monitor

the pads should be place ____cm to reduce chance of damaging the device.

85
Q

Most coronary veins empty in the

A

Coronary sinus

86
Q

the coronary sinus empties into the

A

right atrium

87
Q

Main cardiac channel empties in the

A

pretracheal node

88
Q

The pretracheal node empties in the

A

right lymphatic duct

89
Q

Formula to calculate QT interval________

A

QT / Square root of R-R interval

90
Q

Pacemaker may fail to fire if there is

A

loose connections
lead fractures
sensing malfunction

91
Q

If a patient has wandering atrial pacemaker, HR would be less than _______

A

100 bpm

92
Q

3 conditions caused by hyperventilation

A

Respiratory alkalosis
cerebral vasoconstriction
cerebral ischemia

93
Q

Does not cause cardiac disturbance

A

HypoNATREMIA

94
Q

In the management of shock, contains both alpha and beta adrenergic activity

A

EPINEPHRINE

95
Q

Heart sound also known as atrial gallop and TENESSE

A

S4

96
Q

The ET tube can be used for drug administration as a last resort

A

2-2.5mg in 10cc of NS

97
Q

The most common cause of Myocardial rupture is

A

High speed motor vehicle collision

98
Q

MARFAN SYNDROME is characterized by which of the following cardiovascular conditions?

A

Acute aortic dissection.

99
Q

Artery layers include inner layer ______ . muscle layer _____ and connective tissue layer ______

A

intima
media
adventitia

100
Q

A patient who suffers from sinus tachycardia caused by anxiety should be treated with

A

ANXIOLYTICS

101
Q

In shock , which of the following is MORE important to monitor than intracranial pressure (ICP)

A

Cerebral Perfusion pressure.

102
Q

pulse alternans is _______ and it is seen in ______failure

A

pulse waves with every other beat weaker than the preceding one; LV

103
Q

What is the pediatric patient first response to shock?

A

Tachycardia

104
Q

What is late sign of shock in pediatric patients ?

A

Hypotension

105
Q

Primary blast injuries examples

A

Pneumothorax
Tympanic membrane rupture
Cerebral air embolism

106
Q

Which substances may produce potentially hazardous bodily fluids after a patient comes in contact with them?

A

Organophosphates (fertilizers)

107
Q

What is High altitude illness/ acute mountain syndrome ?

A

Rapid ascent of an unacclimatized person to 8000 feet or higher from altitudes below 5000 feet. Results of hypoxia or insufficient oxygen due to decreased partial pressure oxygen at altitude, there is less oxygen available to the tissue due to incomplete hemoglobin loading.

CEN (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions