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Bio Final Study Decks > Cellular Respiration Week 6 > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Week 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is ______________________.

Pyruvate
NADH
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

A

Oxygen

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2
Q

The total amount of ATP produced in glycolysis is _________________.

32 ATP
4 ATP
2 ATP
18 ATP

A

4 ATP

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3
Q

Which of these is an example of substrate level phosphorylation?

The synthesis of NAD+ in Fermentation.
The synthesis of ATP in Chemiosmosis.
The synthesis of NADH in Glycolysis.
The synthesis of ATP in Citric Acid Cycle.

A

The synthesis of ATP in Citric Acid Cycle.

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4
Q

What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?

ADP
FADH2
NAD+
Oxygen

A

NAD+

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5
Q

Why do we have storage macromolecules, such as fats, in our bodies?

Human cells can directly capture the energy of sunlight through photosynthesis and store it as macromolecules such as fats.
Breaking down macromolecules, such as fats, is an endergonic process.
We can break down these macromolecules to provide energy for the endergonic reactions in our bodies.
Macromolecules, such as fats, are a convenient way to store kinetic energy.

A

We can break down these macromolecules to provide energy for the endergonic reactions in our bodies.

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6
Q

Regeneration of NAD+ is directly associated with all the following EXCEPT ______________________

Lactic acid fermentation.
Electron transport chain.
Alcohol fermentation.
Citric Acid Cycle.

A

Citric Acid Cycle.

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7
Q

The first ATP molecules synthesized in cellular respiration is formed by removing breaking high energy phosphate bonds from _____________________.

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate

A

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate

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8
Q

If you take into account the amount of ATP generated by ATP synthase per molecule of NADH and per molecule of FADH2 produced, and the number of ATP molecules produced by substrate-level phosphorylation, what is the predicted energy yield of the Citric acid cycle, per molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells?

20 ATP
10 ATP
30 ATP
18 ATP

A

20 ATP

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9
Q

Which product of citric acid cycle is a reactant in the electron transport chain?

Oxaloacetate
FADH2
NAD+
ATP

A

FADH2

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10
Q

When chemical bonds in glucose are rearranged to provide energy needed to synthesize ATP is an example of _______________.

Oxidative phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation
Isomerism
Substrate level phosphorylation

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

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11
Q

One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule. The removal of CO2 is referred to as what type of reaction?

Glycolytic
Decarboxylation
Acetylation
Carboxylation

A

Decarboxylation

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12
Q

The loss of electrons in redox reactions is often accompanied by the loss of ________________.

electrons
atoms
protons
neutrons

A

protons

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13
Q

The first step of cellular respiration is ______________________.

Electron Transport Chain
Exhalation
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

To form NADH from NAD+, two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule. What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule?

Dehydrogenation
Reduction
Decarboxylation
Condensation

A

Decarboxylation

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15
Q

An organism that has a genetic mutation which prevents the synthesis of NADH dehydrogenase is likely to have which of these processes directly affected?

Pyruvate oxidation
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain

A

Electron transport chain

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15
Q

An organism that has a genetic mutation which prevents the synthesis of NADH dehydrogenase is likely to have which of these processes directly affected?

Pyruvate oxidation
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain

A

Electron Transport Chain

16
Q

An organism that has a genetic mutation which prevents the synthesis of NADH dehydrogenase is likely to have which of these processes directly affected?

Pyruvate oxidation
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain

A

Electron transport chain

17
Q

In a chemical reaction, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ produces 1-3 Biphosphoglycerate + NADH. In this reaction what happened to NAD+?

It was reduced to form NAD+.
It was the enzyme in the reaction.
It was oxidized to form NAD+.
It was activated to form NAD+.

A

It was reduced to form NAD+.

18
Q

Which of these molecules acts as an inhibiter of glycolysis? ____________________.

Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate
NAD+
Phosphofructokinase

A

Adenosine triphosphate

19
Q

The first process of decarboxylation during aerobic respiration that results in the release of CO2 occurs at this stage, __________________.

Electron transport chain
Carboxylic acid cycle
Pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis

A

Pyruvate oxidation

20
Q

How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?

ATP is made in all compartments of the cell in response to endergonic reactions and is used to drive exergonic reactions in the cell.
ATP can be made by an enzyme complex that uses the energy of protons moving down their concentration gradient from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm to make the ATP.
ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type.
ATP is only made in the mitochondria in response to chemiosmosis.

A

ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type.

21
Q

The net ATP produced in glycolysis is _______________.

4 ATP
2 ATP
30 ATP
1 ATP

A

2 ATP

22
Q

The end product of glycolysis is ________________.

Acetyl CoA
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Phosphoenol pyruvate
Pyruvate

A

Pyruvate

23
Q

What stage of aerobic cellular respiration produces the most energy?

Glycolysis
Electron transport chain
Fermentation
Carboxylic acid cycle

A

Electron transport chain

24
Q

The component of ATP synthase that rotates to generate the mechanical energy needed to synthesize ATP is the ________________.

The F0 catalytic head.
The knob of F1 complex.
The stalk of F1 complex.
F0 membrane-bound complex.

A

F0 membrane-bound complex.

25
Q

Which of these stages of cellular respiration occurs in both the presence and absence of oxygen?

Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain
Pyruvate oxidation

A

Glycolysis

26
Q

he Citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. There are nine biochemical reactions involved in the Citric acid cycle, and they are highly ordered. Select the correct order. (Note: These are abbreviated and do not show NAD, ADP, ATP, or FAD.)

acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → forming citrate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate
acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms malate → which forms fumarate → which forms oxaloacetate
acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate
acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms beta-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate

A

acetyl-CoA joins the Citric acid cycle and unites with oxaloacetate →forming citrate →which forms alpha-ketoglutarate → which forms succinyl-CoA → which forms succinate → which forms fumarate → which forms malate → which forms oxaloacetate

27
Q

All the following is true of fermentation EXCEPT ___________________.

It occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Carbon dioxide may be produced.
Organic molecules are final electron acceptors.
NADH is regenerated.

A

NADH is regenerated.

28
Q

Where in eukaryotic cells does chemiosmosis occur?

Membranes of the cell
Matrix of mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Inner membrane of mitochondria

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

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