Cellular Regulation

Question 1

DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

Answer 1

One of two types of nucleic acid made by cells, DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of human beings

Question 2

RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

Answer 2

Made up of ribosomes and contains information that has been copied from DNA (the other other type of nucleic acid)

Question 3

GENOME

Answer 3

The complete set of inheritance for an individual

Question 4

CHROMOSOMES

Answer 4

Tightly coiled strands of DNA within the nucleus that contain genetic information

Question 5

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Answer 5

The two pair chromosomes that are inherited, one from each parent

Question 6

AUTOSOMES

Answer 6

A single chromosome from any one of the 22 pairs of chromosomes not involved in sex determinination (X or Y)

Question 7

SEX CHROMOSOMES

Answer 7

The 23rd pair of chromosomes found in a cell’s nucleus; it determines an individual’s gender

Question 8

CELL CYCLE

Answer 8

Comprises the four phases of cell growth and development

Question 9

MITOSIS

Answer 9

The process of making new cells

Question 10

SOMATIC

Answer 10

Tissue if the body

Question 11

MEIOSIS

Answer 11

Is a type of cell division that takes place in the sex cells of the testes and ovaries and results in formation of the sperm and oocytes (gametes)

Question 12

DIFFERENTIATION

Answer 12

Is a normal process occurring over many cycles that allows cells to specialize in certain tasks

Question 13

HYPERPLASIA

Answer 13

Is an increase in the number or density of normal cells

Question 14

METAPLASIA

Answer 14

Is a change in the normal pattern of differentiation such that dividing cells differentiate into cells types not normally found at that location in the body

Question 15

DYSPLASIA

Answer 15

Represents a loss of DNA control over differentiation in response to adverse conditions

Question 16

ANAPLASIA

Answer 16

Is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type