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Biological Psychology > Cellular Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Cellular Neuroanatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

A nerve cell with many dendrites and a single axon

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2
Q

Where are bipolar neurons usually found

A

Sensory systems

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3
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

Have a single dendrite and one axon

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4
Q

Where are unipolar neurons usually found

A

In embryonic structures

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5
Q

What are unipolar neurons

A

Axon that branches into two directions from the soma

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6
Q

Dendrite to dendrite

A

Dendrodentritic

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7
Q

Axon terminal to dendrite

A

Axodendritic

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8
Q

Terminal to extracellular fluid

A

Axoextracellular

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9
Q

Terminal on cell body

A

Axosomatic

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10
Q

Terminal to terminal

A

Axosynaptic

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11
Q

Terminal to another axon

A

Axoaxonic

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12
Q

Terminal to blood vessel

A

Axosecretory

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13
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Tags proteins and puts them in vesicles to be exported

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14
Q

Smooth ER

A

Produces lipids and detoxifies

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15
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes on the rough ER produce proteins to be exported out of the cell (these are Nissl substances)

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy production

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17
Q

Polyribosome

A

Cluster of ribosomes that translate an mRNA molecule

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18
Q

Stains the cell body but not the processes

A

Nissl stain

19
Q

Stains all processes in the cell, but only gets taken up by some cells

A

Golgi stain

20
Q

Using antibodies with colorful labels that bind to a certain protein

A

Immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry

21
Q

Labels target mRNA sequences/transcripts

A

In situ hybridization

22
Q

Substances are transported over the route of their axons

A

Tract tracers

23
Q

Using different colors to show relative concentration of proteins

A

Brainbow

24
Q

What happened in mice after motor learning?

A

More dendritic spines were formed in mice who had successfully motor trained

25
Q

What type of experiment is mice after motor training?

A

Behavioral

26
Q

How is spine formation after learning dependent on region and type of learning?

A

Mice who underwent motor learning in the contralateral forelimb motor cortex had the most spine formation

27
Q

What does the region/learning specific experiment tell us about dendritic elimination?

A

Mice will undergo an increase of dendritic formation after learning, then both groups of mice will undergo dendritic elimination

28
Q

Stains that trace axonal projections from the source to point of termination

A

Anterograde stain

29
Q

Stains that trace neural connections from point of termination to their source

A

Retrograde stain

30
Q

What is a type of retrograde stain

A

HRP

31
Q

What is a type of anterograde stain

A

Biocytin

32
Q

What do astrocytes do

A
  • Help facilitate the BBB
  • Bring nutrition from blood to neuron by putting processes on capillaries and neurons
33
Q

What process is exclusively found in astrocytes?

A

The GABA/glutamate cycle and enzyme that facilitates it

34
Q

What is the function of microglia

A

Microglia are a defense mechanism which engulf debris and destroy debris

35
Q

What myelinates the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

What myelinates the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

37
Q

What do ependymal glia do?

A

Line cavities such as ventricles and the central canal

38
Q

Where are ependymal cells found?

A

CNS

39
Q

Where are microglia found? What is their counterpart?

A

CNS, their counterpart in the PNS are macrophages (not glial cells)

40
Q

Where are satellite cells found?

A

PNS

41
Q

What is the function of satellite cells?

A

Surround somas to regulate environment

42
Q

What role can microglia play in helping pathologies?

A

In Alzheimers, the brain stops firing certain oscillations. Microglia were activated by 40 Hz frequency which helped pathologies related to Alzheimers.

43
Q

What is the Nogo protein?

A

A protein found in the CNS which inhibits axonal regeneration, which is why the PNS can “heal” but the CNS cannot.

44
Q

What is 2 photon microscopy?

A

2 photons are simultaneously excited with longer wavelength than an emitted light, which can lead to very good spatial resolution

Biological Psychology (10 decks)

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