Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems Of Animals (Part 2)

Question 1

Composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins, allow certain material to move across them.

Answer 1

Cell membranes

Question 2

Fluid-mosaic model

Answer 2

Is based on knowledge of the cell membrane

Question 3

What are the function of the cell membranes?

Answer 3

(a)regulate movement of material, (b)separate the inside of the cell from the outside,(c) separate various organelles within a cell, (d)provide large surface area, (e) are a site for receptors, (f) separate cells from one another

Question 4

Passive transport

Answer 4

Type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membrane

Question 5

Examples of passive transport

Answer 5

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and filtration

Question 6

Net movement of molecules or ions form a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Answer 6

Diffusion

Question 7

What affects the diffusion rates?

Answer 7

Size, Temperature, Steepness of concentration gradient, charge and pressure

Question 8

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Net diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane between two fluids with different water concentrations

Answer 9

Osmosis

Question 10

Isotonic

Answer 10

Equivalent solute concentration

Question 11

Hypertonic

Answer 11

More water diffuses out of the cells than into them

Question 12

Hypotonic

Answer 12

Swell up because more water diffuses into the cells than out of them

Question 13

Requires energy from the cell to move substances from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration

Answer 13

Active transport

Question 14

Additional processes that move molecules across membranes in bulk include:

Answer 14

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Question 15

Endocytosis (3)

Answer 15

Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 16

Enables the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances, even though those substances may not be very concentrated in the extracellular fluid

Answer 16

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 17

LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein)

Answer 17

Acts as a ligand and gains entrance to the cell through endocytosis

Question 18

What causes early atherosclerosis?

Answer 18

In hypercholesterolemia, LDL are few or missing thus a build up of cholesterol results in blood

Question 19

Means by which hormones, neurotransmitters and digestive enzymes are secreted in animal cells

Answer 19

Exocytosis

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

Information center
Contains DNA
Directs chemical reactions
Stores genetic information

Question 21

Nuclear envelope

Answer 21

Contains many pores that allow material to enter and leave the nucleus

Question 22

Pre-assemby point for ribosomes

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

Two parts of the cytoplasm of a cell:

Answer 23

Cytomembrane system and fluid cytosol

Question 24

Cytomembrane system 4 parts:

Answer 24

ER
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuoles
Vesicles

Question 25

Series of channels that transport proteins

Answer 25

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 26

Aids in the synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins

Answer 26

Golgi apparatus

Question 27

Nucleolus

Answer 27

Synthesize ribosomes

Question 28

mRNA

Answer 28

Matches the sequence of the DNA
A copy of genetic information

Question 29

Endomembrane system are composed of

Answer 29

Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi complexes/Bodies
Vesicles