Cells, Tissues, Organs And Organ Systems Of Animals (Part 1)

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

Lack nuclei and other membrane bound organelles

Question 2

2 domains of prokaryotic

Answer 2

Archaea and Eubacteria

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

Are larger and have many membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 4

Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus

Question 5

Three basic parts of eukaryotes

Answer 5

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 6

Network of membraneous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome studded) and smooth regions

Answer 6

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 7

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continues with ER

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope

Question 8

Structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli

Answer 8

Nucleolus

Question 9

Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Membrane enclosing the cell

Question 11

Complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

Question 13

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

Answer 13

Lysosome

Question 14

Mitochondrion

Answer 14

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

Question 15

Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water

Answer 15

Peroxisomes

Question 16

Microvilli

Answer 16

Projections that increase the cell’s surface area

Question 17

Reinforces cell shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein and which also includes

Answer 17

Cytoskeleton includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Question 18

Region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated; contain a pair of centrioles

Answer 18

Centrosome

Question 19

Locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane

Answer 19

Flagellum

Question 20

Basic Features of Cells

Answer 20

1. Plasma membrane encloses the cell and mediates interactions between the cell and its environment
2. Cells use and carry DNA as hereditary blueprints in the chromosomes
3. Cells have ribosomes to synthesize proteins
4. Cells use and utilize energy and nutrients
5. Cells are limited in function by cell size
6. Cells are diverse in form and function.

Question 21

Why are most cells small?

Answer 21

Cells are limited in size by surface area to volume ratio between the outer surface area and their volume