cells, tissues and organ systems

Question 1

name the simplest level of organisation that includes the smallest living units in the body

Answer 1

the cellular level

Question 2

define organ

Answer 2

two or more tissues working together to perform several functions.

eg layers of heart muscle tissue in combination with connective tissue form the bulk of the wall of the heart

Question 3

what are the three basic principles of cell theory?

Answer 3

cells are the structural building blocks of all plants and animals

cells are produced by the divisions of pre-existing cells

cells are the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions

Question 4

what is the study of tissues known as?

Answer 4

histology

Question 5

what are the four primary tissue types? and what are their functions?

Answer 5

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

muscle tissue

neural or nervous tissue

Question 6

describe the form and function of epithelial tissue

Answer 6

a layer of cells that forms a barrier

• covers and protects exposed surfaces
• lines internal passageways and chambers
• produces glandular secretions

Question 7

describe the form and function of connective tissue

Answer 7

very diverse in appearance

all forms of connective tissue contain cells and an extracellular matrix of protein fibres and liquid know as the ground substance

• fills internal spaces
• provides structural support
• stores energy

Question 8

describe the function of muscle tissue

Answer 8

unique because individual muscle cells can contract to produce movement

Question 9

describe the function of neural tissue

Answer 9

specialised to carry information or instructions from one place in the body to another

contains two basic types of cells: neurons, which transmit information as electrical impulses, and the supporting cells, neuroglia, which isolate and protect neurons

Question 10

what are the major functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 10

protects against environmental hazards

helps control body temperature

Question 11

what are the major functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 11

provides support

protects tissues

stores minerals

forms blood cells

Question 12

what are the major functions of the muscular system?

Answer 12

produces movement

provides support

generates heat

Question 13

what are the major functions of the nervous system?

Answer 13

directs immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems

Question 14

what are the major functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 14

directs long-term changes in other organ systems

Question 15

what are the major functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 15

transports cells and dissolved materials in the blood stream, including nutrients, wastes and gases

Question 16

what are the major functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 16

defends against infection and disease

returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

Question 17

what are the major functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 17

delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs between the air and circulating blood

produces sound

Question 18

what are the major functions of the digestive system?

Answer 18

processes food and absorbs nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water)

Question 19

what are the major functions of the urinary system?

Answer 19

eliminates excess water, salts and wastes

controls pH

Question 20

what are the major functions of the reproductive system?

Answer 20

produces sex cells and hormones

supports embryonic development for fertilisation to birth (female)