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GR9The Living World > Cells, Tissues and cell cultures > Flashcards

Cells, Tissues and cell cultures Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when a sperm cell and egg cell collide?

A

A zygote is formed.

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2
Q

Cells have 3 main components, what is the general term to represent them?

A

Organelle.

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3
Q

What are organelles?

A

Very small organs inside each cell.

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4
Q

Name 5 cell organelles.

A 
1-Cell membrane
2-Nucleus
3-chromosomes
4-Cytoplasm
5-Mitochondria
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5
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Its the skin that contains all the components of a cell. (The outer layer).

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6
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

It controls what goes in and out of the cell.

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7
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Its located in the center of the cell.

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8
Q

What’s the purpose of the nucleus?

A

Control center of everything occurring in the cell.

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9
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Rod shaped bodies in the nucleus.

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10
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

DNA and proteins.

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11
Q

Where do chromosomes come from?

A

They are hereditary and come from the genes.

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12
Q

Whats cytoplasm?

A

Fluid that surrounds all the organelles in the cell.

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13
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

Its what allows the cell to have enough energy by transforming sugar into energy.

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14
Q

All cells are the same at the beginning, what are they called?

A

Stem cells.

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15
Q

What tells the cell how to behave?

A

DNA.

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16
Q

When does the cell become specialized?

A

During the development of the embryo.

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17
Q

Stem cells can become what? Name 4 examples.

A

1-Bone cells
2-skin cells
3-Muscle cells
4-Nerve cells

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18
Q

What are tissues made up of?

A

Cells of the same kind working together.

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19
Q

What are the 4 major types of tissues?

A

1- Connective tissues
2-Muscle tissues
3-Epithelial tissues
4-Nervous tissues

20
Q

Connective Tissues: The framework around muscles are strands of _____, ___ ____, and ____ ____.

A

Collagen, simple cells, and elastic fibers.

21
Q

Epithelial Tissues: what are the epithelial cells used for?

A

They’re used to form the outer layer of the body and are exposed to the outer environment.

22
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and give a definition?

A

1-Skeletal: Bones
2-Smooth: Blood vessels/hallow organs/stomach
3-Cardiac: Heart

23
Q

What do the nervous tissues do?

A

They send electrical burst to multiple organs in the body.

24
Q

When cells combine they form what?

A

Tissues.

25
Q

When tissues combine they form what?

A

Organs.

26
Q

When organs combine they form what?

A

Systems ,(For ex digestive system).

27
Q

What are cell cultures used for?

A

To develop vaccines and to create tissues.

28
Q

Scientists use flasks, petri dishes, etc to separate the targeted cells in ________.

A

Tissues.

29
Q

What are in these flasks and petri dishes?

A

Everything the cells need to live.

30
Q

Why do we do this in the flasks and petri dishes?

A

So that the cells can grow and reproduce properly.

31
Q

How does the environment need to be?

A

Sterile.

32
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

D: Deoxyribo
N: Nucleic
A: Acid

33
Q

Where can you find DNA?

A

In the nucleus.

34
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

Genetic code of the organisms.

35
Q

How is DNA shaped?

A

Double Helix

36
Q

The sides of the Double Helix are made up of two types of molecules. Name them.

A

1- Sugar

2- Phosphate

37
Q

Each “step” of the Double Helix is made of what?

A

Neucleotide bases.

38
Q

What are the four kinds of nitrogen bases?

A

1- Adenine (A)
2- Guanine (G)
3- Thymine (T)
4- Cytosine (C)

39
Q

Which nitrogen bases link together?

A

A - T

G - C

ATGC = At The Gangsters Crib

40
Q

Whats a gene?

A

It is a segment of DNA and it’s what makes everyone’s DNA different.

41
Q

All of our genes together is called what?

A

The human genome.

42
Q

DNA contains molecules that are called what?

A

Chromosomes.

43
Q

The nucleus of each cell (excluding reproductive cells) contains 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of ____ chromosomes.

A

46.

44
Q

Men and Women share 44 similar chromosomes. What are the other two chromosomes for?

A

The other two chromosomes are for the different sexes.

45
Q

Women have what two chromosomes?

A

Two X chromosomes.

46
Q

Men have what two chromosomes?

A

One Y chromosome and one X chromosome.

GR9The Living World (11 decks)

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