Cells, Tissues and cell cultures Flashcards
What happens when a sperm cell and egg cell collide?
A zygote is formed.
Cells have 3 main components, what is the general term to represent them?
Organelle.
What are organelles?
Very small organs inside each cell.
Name 5 cell organelles.
1-Cell membrane 2-Nucleus 3-chromosomes 4-Cytoplasm 5-Mitochondria
What is the cell membrane?
Its the skin that contains all the components of a cell. (The outer layer).
What does the cell membrane do?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What is the nucleus?
Its located in the center of the cell.
What’s the purpose of the nucleus?
Control center of everything occurring in the cell.
What are chromosomes?
Rod shaped bodies in the nucleus.
What are chromosomes made up of?
DNA and proteins.
Where do chromosomes come from?
They are hereditary and come from the genes.
Whats cytoplasm?
Fluid that surrounds all the organelles in the cell.
What is mitochondria?
Its what allows the cell to have enough energy by transforming sugar into energy.
All cells are the same at the beginning, what are they called?
Stem cells.
What tells the cell how to behave?
DNA.
When does the cell become specialized?
During the development of the embryo.
Stem cells can become what? Name 4 examples.
1-Bone cells
2-skin cells
3-Muscle cells
4-Nerve cells
What are tissues made up of?
Cells of the same kind working together.
What are the 4 major types of tissues?
1- Connective tissues
2-Muscle tissues
3-Epithelial tissues
4-Nervous tissues
Connective Tissues: The framework around muscles are strands of _____, ___ ____, and ____ ____.
Collagen, simple cells, and elastic fibers.
Epithelial Tissues: what are the epithelial cells used for?
They’re used to form the outer layer of the body and are exposed to the outer environment.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and give a definition?
1-Skeletal: Bones
2-Smooth: Blood vessels/hallow organs/stomach
3-Cardiac: Heart
What do the nervous tissues do?
They send electrical burst to multiple organs in the body.
When cells combine they form what?
Tissues.
When tissues combine they form what?
Organs.
When organs combine they form what?
Systems ,(For ex digestive system).
What are cell cultures used for?
To develop vaccines and to create tissues.
Scientists use flasks, petri dishes, etc to separate the targeted cells in ________.
Tissues.
What are in these flasks and petri dishes?
Everything the cells need to live.
Why do we do this in the flasks and petri dishes?
So that the cells can grow and reproduce properly.
How does the environment need to be?
Sterile.
What does DNA stand for?
D: Deoxyribo
N: Nucleic
A: Acid
Where can you find DNA?
In the nucleus.
What does DNA contain?
Genetic code of the organisms.
How is DNA shaped?
Double Helix
The sides of the Double Helix are made up of two types of molecules. Name them.
1- Sugar
2- Phosphate
Each “step” of the Double Helix is made of what?
Neucleotide bases.
What are the four kinds of nitrogen bases?
1- Adenine (A)
2- Guanine (G)
3- Thymine (T)
4- Cytosine (C)
Which nitrogen bases link together?
A - T
G - C
ATGC = At The Gangsters Crib
Whats a gene?
It is a segment of DNA and it’s what makes everyone’s DNA different.
All of our genes together is called what?
The human genome.
DNA contains molecules that are called what?
Chromosomes.
The nucleus of each cell (excluding reproductive cells) contains 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of ____ chromosomes.
46.
Men and Women share 44 similar chromosomes. What are the other two chromosomes for?
The other two chromosomes are for the different sexes.
Women have what two chromosomes?
Two X chromosomes.
Men have what two chromosomes?
One Y chromosome and one X chromosome.
