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KN 251 Unit 3 > Cells of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The communicating system of the body

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Sensory Input =

Motor Output =

A

Afferent information

Efferent information

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3
Q

Nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord, is the common command system

Nervous system composed of the cranial and spinal nerves. Communication between body and CNS

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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4
Q

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signal or action potentials

A

Neurons

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5
Q

In the CNS, supporting cells are called

In the PNS, supporting cells are called (2)

A

neuroglia

Schwann Cells and Satellite Cells

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6
Q

Do neurons usualy replicate?

A

No

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7
Q

Is the metablism of neurons high or low?

What do they require a supply of?

A

Highly metabolic

Require continuous and constant supply of oxygen and glucose

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8
Q

The soma of the neuron, contains the nucleus and nucleolus with usual organielles

A

Cell body

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9
Q

What organelle is missing in the neuron?

Why?

A

Mitotic Spindle

Neurons (most) do not divide

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10
Q

Receptive regions of the neuron that bring the message towards the body

A

Dendrite

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11
Q

The impulse generating and conducting region of the cell, can be short or long

A

Axon

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12
Q

Point that generates the AP in the neuron

A

Axon hillock

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13
Q

Groups of axons that travel together are called

A

Tracts

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14
Q

The axon branches near its end and the ends enlarge slight as, where NTs are released from into synapse

A

Terminal bouton

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15
Q

The covering of the axon

A

Myelin Sheath, Neurilemma

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16
Q

What cells is myelin made of?

A

Schwann Cells

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17
Q

The sheath of Schwann cells is called

A

Neurilemma

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18
Q

The space between Schwann cells helps to increase transmission

A

Node of Ranvier

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19
Q

What role does myelin play in cell communication?

A

Insulation

20
Q

One Schwann cell can accompany 15 or more axons

A

!

21
Q

99% of neurons are bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar?

A

Multipolar

22
Q

What is a multipolar cell?

A

Has many connections

23
Q

Neuron with two processes, one on each side in the cell body

A

Bipolar

24
Q

Neuron with one process which divides like a T

A

Pseudo-unipolar

25
Q

Most sensory neurons are bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar?

Where are they located?

A

Unipolar

Outside the nervous system in ganglia

26
Q

Motor neurons are bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar?

Where are they located?

A

Multipolar

In CNS (grey matter)

27
Q

Do supporting cells conduct an action potential?

A

No.

28
Q

What is the ratio of supporting cells to neurons?

A

10:1

29
Q

Type of neuroglia (in CNS) that exchange between capillaries and neurons. Most abundant type of neuroglial cell.

Control Chemical movement and ion concentration
ex: Take up neurotransmitters

A

Astrocyte

30
Q

Type of neuroglia that is phagocytic, it monitors the health of neurons. Small cells with long processes.

Phagocytic - takes up chemicals that are detremental to cell’s health

A

Microglial Cells

31
Q

Type of neuroglial cells that help form and circulate the CSF.. Have a squamous or cuboidal shape

Are ciliated.

A

Ependymal Cells

32
Q

Type of neuroglial cells that form the myelin sheath in the CNS.
Fewer branches than astrocytes.
One of them can help form myelin of many cells

A

Oligodendrocyte

33
Q

Supporting cell of the PNS that surrounds the cell bodies of neurons in ganglia and are supportive to neurons

A

Satellite Cells

34
Q

Supporting cell of the PNS that forms the myelin sheath in the PNS

A

Schwann Cells

35
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion contain what kind of cells?

What surrounds them?

A

Pseudo-unipolar

Satellite Cells

36
Q

Factor affecting conduction velocity that states the largre the diameter the faster a current will occur. THere is less resistance

A

Axon Diameter

37
Q

Factor affecting conduction velocity that myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons

A

Myelin Sheath

38
Q

Type of conduction that occurs when axons conduct APs immediately adjacent to one another because they are unmyelinated, this is called

A

Continuous Conduction

39
Q

Type of conduction that occurs when action potentials only generated at nodes of Ranvier (of myelin) it is called

A

Saltatory Conduction

40
Q

What are nerve fibers classified by?

A

Diameter and degree of myelination

41
Q

A somatic sensory and motor nerve fiber.

It has the largest diameter and degree of myelination. Very fast conducting

A

Group A

42
Q

A nerve fiber that innervates the viscera and pain fibers from the skin; lightly myelinated

Come from body wall/limbs not viscera

A

Group B

43
Q

Nerve fibers that are visceral and play some role in pain and touch.

Have the smallest diameter, are unmyelinated, and are the slowest conducting.

Incapable of saltatory conduction

A

Group C

44
Q

The outermost layer of connective tissue that covers entire nerve

A

Epineurium

45
Q

Middle layer of connective tissue that covers the bundles, or fascicles, which are bundles of nerve processes

A

Perineurium

46
Q

Inner layer of connective tissue of nerves that covers the individual processes of a neuron

A

Endoneurium

KN 251 Unit 3 (11 decks)

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