Cells 'n' Stuff Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
glycolysis, pyruvate, acetyl coa formation, krebs cycle, ETC
Glycolysis products
2 atp, 2 nadh
Acetyle Coa products
0 atp, 2 nadh
Krebs cycle products
2 atp, 6 nadh, 2 fadh
ETC
32-34 atp
G1
double organelles
S
duplicate DNA
G2
double cytosol
Peroxisome
break down toxins
centriole
mitosis tubules
Human cell size
10 to 15 microns
Egg cell size
100 microns
some nerve cells size
1 meter
Cell shapes
squamous, polygonal, cuboidal, columnal, spheroid, discoid, fusiform, fibrous, stellate
Squamous
flat, diffuses quickly
Cuboidal
cube
columnar
rectangle, diffuse slowly, allow processes to occur
discoid
disc, move quickly
spheroid
ball, move quickly
fusiform
like a fish or spindle
fibrous
long and skinny, muscle cells
stellate
like a star, neurons
Membrane proteins
channel, transporter, receptor, enzyme, cell identity, linker
Channel protein
lets stuff pass through, usually ions
transporter protein
transport specific substances by changing shape, amino acids
receptor
recognizes specific stimuli and alters cell function in some way
enzyme
catalyzes reaction on inside or outside of cell
cell identity marker
distinguishes your cells
linker
provide structure and stability for cell, can link cells together or move them
factors affection diffusion
temperature = faster, larger molecules = slower, high concentration gradient = faster, larger surface area = faster, high membrane permeability = faster
Passive transport
facilitated diffusion through channels or carrier proteins
Symporter
transports two things in the same direction
Antiporter
transports two things in opposite directions
Active transport example
sodium/potassium pump in muscle and nerve cells, pumps sodium 1 way and potassium another
Active transport
uses atp to pump against concentration gradient
Tonicity
ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure within cell (level of solute)
Hypotonic
less solute, release water
Hypertonic
more solute, absorb water
isotonic
normal saline
lyse
cell burst