Basics of the Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

science of structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

science of body functions

Question 3

Human Body Hierarchy

Answer 3

Chemical level, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Question 4

Chemical level subdivisions

Answer 4

atoms and molecules

Question 5

Human body atom composition

Answer 5

65% O, 18% C, 10% H, 3% N, 2% Ca, 1% P

Question 6

95% of atomic structure is composed of

Answer 6

O, C, H, N

Question 7

Molecules

Answer 7

2 or more atoms joined together

Question 8

In humans, most common molecule is

Answer 8

water (60-70%)

Question 9

4 Biologically important organic molecules

Answer 9

proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, lipids

Question 10

Cells

Answer 10

smallest structural and functional units of the human body

Question 11

Tissues

Answer 11

groups of cells and the surrounding materials that work together to perform a particular function

Question 12

Organs

Answer 12

composed of two or more tissues working together to provide specific functions

Question 13

Organ systems

Answer 13

one or more organs that provide a common function

Question 14

Basic characteristics of living things

Answer 14

High level of organization, composed of cells, metabolism, respond and move, homeostasis, differentiation and growth, reproduction, and evolution

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

sum of all biochemical process of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

Question 16

Responsiveness/movement

Answer 16

able to detect and respond to changes in the environment

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

ability to maintain equilibrium of the body’s internal environment

Question 18

Differentiaion/growth

Answer 18

process a cell undergoes to develop from an unspecialized cell to a specialized one; increase number and size of cells, tissues, organs, and the body

Question 19

Reproduction

Answer 19

formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement; production of new individual

Question 20

Evolution

Answer 20

genetic change within populations from generation to generation due to genetic mutations and natural selection

Question 21

Homeostasis is produced by

Answer 21

interaction of organ systems and regulatory processes

Question 22

2 body systems that largely control homeostasis

Answer 22

nervous and endocrine

Question 23

Nervous system

Answer 23

detects changes and sends nerve impulses to counteract disruption rapidly

Question 24

Endocrine system

Answer 24

regulates homeostasis by secreting hormones more slowly

Question 25

Homeostasis is continually disrupted by

Answer 25

internal and external stimuli

Question 26

Components of a feedback loop

Answer 26

receptor, control center, effector

Question 27

Negative feedback loop

Answer 27

stimulus disrupts homeostasis, receptors notice and tell control center, which makes effectors work and allow return to homeostasis

Question 28

Negative feedback loop example

Answer 28

blood pressure regulation

Question 29

Positive feedback loop

Answer 29

self-amplifying change, receptors detect and send signals to control center, which tells effectors to do something, which sends more signals to receptors until interrupted

Question 30

Positive feedback loop example

Answer 30

childbirth