Cells - Mitosis

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

mitosis is the division of somatic cells to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 2

what are the 4 stages of mitosis

Answer 2

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 3

what acronym is used to remember the 4 stages of mitosis

Answer 3

please make another two

Question 4

what needs to happen before cells can undergo mitosis

Answer 4

interphase

Question 5

how do bacteria reproduce

Answer 5

bacteria re-produce by Binary Fission

Question 6

name 3 functions of mitosis

Answer 6

1. development of embryos
2. growth and repair of all body cells
3. a-sexual reproduction

Question 7

what’s unique about nerve cells

Answer 7

nerve cells are unable to undergo mitosis which is why if one snaps then you remain paralysed forever as they don’t re-form

Question 8

what happens in growth phase one

Answer 8

in growth phase, new cell organelles are formed

Question 9

what happens in the synthesis phase

Answer 9

the nucleolus breaks down as does the nuclear membrane and the chromosomes are replicated

Question 10

what happens In growth phase two

Answer 10

centrioles are formed which are used to pull the cell apart

Question 11

what 3 things happen in early prophase

Answer 11

1. chromatids spiralise and condense into chromosomes
2. centriole replicates and they move to opposing sides of the cell
3. spindle fibres begin to form at regions of the centrioles

Question 12

what happens at late prophase

Answer 12

the chromosomes have condensed and each chromosomes can be seen at two chromatids joined by a centromere

Question 13

what happens in metaphase

Answer 13

microtubules from the cell’s poles drag the chromatin along the spindle apparats and arrange themselves across the equator

Question 14

what happens in anaphase

Answer 14

centromeres divide into two and the spindle fibres are able to pull each chromatid to opposite sides of the cell and are now referred to as chromosomes

Question 15

where is the energy coming from to perform anaphase

Answer 15

mitochondria surround the fibres and if chemicals are used that kill the fibres then the cell will never divide

Question 16

what 2 things happens in telophase

Answer 16

1. the chromosomes reach their respective poles and become longer and thinner eventually disappearing altogether, leaving only widely spread chromatin
2. the spindle fibres disintegrate and the nucleolus and nucleic envelope begin to reform

Question 17

what is cytokinesis

Answer 17

the cytoplasm divides and the cell membrane forms around each new cell