Cells, Cell Transport & Cell Recognition In Immune System (Mr Brown)

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

How much larger a sample appears to be compared to actual size.

Question 2

Magnification equation

Answer 2

Magnification = Image size / actual size

Question 3

Why are electron microscopes more detailed?

Answer 3

Electrons have shorter wavelength so provide higher resolution.

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Contains the organisms hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Sites of the aerobic stages of respiration and responsible for production of energy carrier molecule.

Question 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Renticulum

Answer 6

Lacks ribosomes on it’s surface, functions are to synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates.

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Renticulum

Answer 7

Has ribosomes present on the outer surfaces of the membrane, functions are to provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins.

Question 8

Golgi Body

Answer 8

Consists of a stack of membranes called vesicles, modifies proteins by adding non protein components as well as labelling them.

Question 9

Artifact

Answer 9

Something that looks like it’s there but it isn’t.

Question 10

Bacteriophage

Answer 10

A virus which uses a bacteria cell as a host.

Question 11

MRS GREN - Organism processes.

Answer 11

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition.

Question 12

What type of disease don’t perform MRS GREN?

Answer 12

Viruses

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

Make spindle fibres.

Question 14

Stages of mitosis (PMAT)

Answer 14

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

Division of the cytoplasm.

Question 16

Carcinogens

Answer 16

Environmental cancer-causing agents.

Question 17

Mitotic Index

Answer 17

number of cells with condensed chromosomes / total number of cells x 100

Question 18

Stem cell types

Answer 18

Totipotent (can become any cell), pluripotent (can become most cells), multi-potent (can become some cells, more specialised)

Question 19

Phospholipid structure

Answer 19

Arranged in a bi-layer, hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head (consisting of a phosphate and glycerol group)

Question 20

Simple diffusion

Answer 20

The net movement of ions/molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 21

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

A carrier-assisted transport mechanism in which molecules are transferred across membranes along their concentration gradient.

Question 22

Active Transport

Answer 22

Carrier-assisted, energy requiring transport mechanism that utilises energy from ATP molecules to transfer molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 23

Name two things that affect the rate of diffusion.

Answer 23

• Temperature
• Surface area
• Steepness of the concentration gradient
• Distance over which diffusion is taking place.

Question 24

Ficks Law

Answer 24

Rate of diffusion = (surface area x steepness of concentration gradient) / thickness of membrane

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Special kind of diffusion by which water molecules are transported across partially permeable membranes.

Question 26

Water Potential

Answer 26

The tendency of water molecules to move from one place to another.

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

Used as a metabolic energy store.

Question 28

Name the 4 main components of blood.

Answer 28

Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, platelets.