Cells, Cell Transport & Cell Recognition In Immune System (Mr Brown) Flashcards
Magnification
How much larger a sample appears to be compared to actual size.
Magnification equation
Magnification = Image size / actual size
Why are electron microscopes more detailed?
Electrons have shorter wavelength so provide higher resolution.
Nucleus
Contains the organisms hereditary material and controls the cell’s activities.
Mitochondria
Sites of the aerobic stages of respiration and responsible for production of energy carrier molecule.
Smooth Endoplasmic Renticulum
Lacks ribosomes on it’s surface, functions are to synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates.
Rough Endoplasmic Renticulum
Has ribosomes present on the outer surfaces of the membrane, functions are to provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins.
Golgi Body
Consists of a stack of membranes called vesicles, modifies proteins by adding non protein components as well as labelling them.
Artifact
Something that looks like it’s there but it isn’t.
Bacteriophage
A virus which uses a bacteria cell as a host.
MRS GREN - Organism processes.
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition.
What type of disease don’t perform MRS GREN?
Viruses
Centrioles
Make spindle fibres.
Stages of mitosis (PMAT)
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm.
Carcinogens
Environmental cancer-causing agents.
Mitotic Index
number of cells with condensed chromosomes / total number of cells x 100
Stem cell types
Totipotent (can become any cell), pluripotent (can become most cells), multi-potent (can become some cells, more specialised)
Phospholipid structure
Arranged in a bi-layer, hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head (consisting of a phosphate and glycerol group)
Simple diffusion
The net movement of ions/molecules down their concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion
A carrier-assisted transport mechanism in which molecules are transferred across membranes along their concentration gradient.
Active Transport
Carrier-assisted, energy requiring transport mechanism that utilises energy from ATP molecules to transfer molecules against their concentration gradient.
Name two things that affect the rate of diffusion.
- Temperature
- Surface area
- Steepness of the concentration gradient
- Distance over which diffusion is taking place.
Ficks Law
Rate of diffusion = (surface area x steepness of concentration gradient) / thickness of membrane
Osmosis
Special kind of diffusion by which water molecules are transported across partially permeable membranes.
Water Potential
The tendency of water molecules to move from one place to another.
ATP
Used as a metabolic energy store.
Name the 4 main components of blood.
Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells, platelets.
