Biological Molecules Pt 2 (Miss Reynolds)

Question 1

What are the complementary bases?

Answer 1

Adenine to thymine

Cytosine to guanine

Question 2

What structure is DNA?

Answer 2

Double helix.

Question 3

RNA Structure

Answer 3

Single, relatively short polynucleotide chain.

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

A polymer of nucleotides formed by condensation.

Question 5

Bonds in DNA.

Answer 5

Phosphodiester between nucleotides.

Question 6

Pentose sugar for RNA

Answer 6

Ribose

Question 7

Four organic bases for RNA.

Answer 7

Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.

Question 8

Function of mRNA

Answer 8

Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

Question 9

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 9

Messenger RNA.

Question 10

tRNA function.

Answer 10

Involved in protein synthesis.

Question 11

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 11

Transfer RNA.

Question 12

Compare DNA and RNA (2/4 things)

Answer 12

DNA                               
Double stranded
Thymine
Deoxyribose
Very large

RNA
Single stranded
Uracil
Ribose
Very small

Question 13

What holds the strands together? And why?

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds, provide strength.

Question 14

Codon

Answer 14

Each triplet of bases on messenger RNA.

Question 15

What does a codon specify?

Answer 15

An amino acid.

Question 16

Name 3 reasons why energy is needed.

Answer 16

Metabolism, active transport, maintenance of body temp, repair and division of cells, movement, production of substances.

Question 17

ATP & Photosynthesis

Answer 17

Light energy is converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis, then form organic molecules which convert into ATP during respiration. This is used by cells.

Question 18

What is ATP made of?

Answer 18

Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups.

Question 19

How ATP releases energy

Answer 19

ATP is hydrolysed to break a bond which releases a large amount of energy.

Question 20

ADP can be reformed into ADP + Pi in what reaction?

Answer 20

Condensation.

Question 21

Name two advantages of ADP.

Answer 21

• Instant source of cell energy.
• Releases energy in small amounts as needed.
• It is mobile and transports chemical energy to where it is needed in the cell.
• Universal energy carrier and can be used in many different chemical reactions.

Question 22

Name three reactions which uses ATP.

Answer 22

Metabolic processes, movement, active transport, secretion, activation of molecules, bioluminescence.

Question 23

Where do inorganic ions occur?

Answer 23

In solution in the cytoplasm of cells and in the body fluids of organisms in both animals and plants.

Question 24

What are the three key inorganic ions?

Answer 24

Iron, sodium, phosphorus.

Question 25

Iron use in cells

Answer 25

To make DNA which encode for life, animals also need to make haemoglobin which deliver oxygen to the body. Also plays a role in metabolism.

Question 26

Sodium use in cells

Answer 26

Enables the transmission of nerve impulses around the body, controls taste, smell and tactile processes. Aid in synthesis and metabolism of chlorophyll in plants.

Question 27

Phosphorus use in cells.

Answer 27

A component of bones, teeth, DNA and RNA. Also helps nerve function and muscles contract in animals.