Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KMMS FHD > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Function in diffusion, absorption and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where would you usually find simple squamous epithelium?

A
  • Inner surface of lymphatic and blood vessels and lining the glomerulus and bowman’s capsules in the kidney.
  • Serve as the lining of the pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural cavities as well as lining the alveoli of the lungs in which it allows the diffusion of gases.
  • Cover the female and male reproductive cavities.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Simple squamous epithelial cells that line the body cavities, reproductive organs, and heart are known as…

A

MESOTHELIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Squamous epithelium that lines the inner surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are known as….

A

ENDOTHELIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This type of tissue is found on the surface of all coelomic organs (body cavity). These originate from the mesoderm, made up of three layers (monolayer, basement membrane and sub-mesothelial connective tissue that contains fibroblasts, blood, lymph vessels, inflammatory cells, collagen, adipose tissue and nerve bundles.
They also have microvilli on surface. Between the cells they have cell-cell junctions consisting of tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.

A

MESOTHELIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This junction allows diffusion and maintain cell surface polarity

A

Tight Junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This junction provides structural and adhesive support

A

Adherin junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This junction contains a cluster of channels that allow cell-cell transport of molecules in solution

A

Gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This junction helps maintain the integrity of the tissue structure by acting as an adhering spot

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the components of the basement membrane?

A

The basement membrane is made up of the basal lamina (lamina lucida and lamina densa) and the reticular lamina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 8 basic types of epithelium?

A
  1. Simple squamous
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar
  4. Pseudostratified columnar
  5. Stratified squamous
  6. Stratified cuboidal
  7. Stratified columnar
  8. Transitional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 classifications of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Simple epithelia
  2. Stratified epithelia
  3. Glandular epithelia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 2 examples of glandular epithelia?

A

Endocrine and exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the clinical correlation of the TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM?

A

Transitional epithelium is notorious for transforming into transitional cell carcinoma (now called urothelial carcinoma) of the bladder. Because the bladder epithelium is in steady contact with urine, which can include ingested toxins like industrial chemicals, it can transform into malignant cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of epithelium found at Pleura and peritoneum; lining of blood vessels (endothelium)

A

Simple Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of epithelium found at Ovary surface, renal tubules

A

Simple cuboidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of epithelium found at Lining of stomach, intestines, and some excretory ducts

A

Simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
What type of epithelium found at
Respiratory epithelium (trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity)
A

Pseudostratified columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of epithelium found at Lining of vagina, esophagus, mouth, and true vocal cords

A

Stratified Squamous

20
Q

What type of epithelium found at Sweat gland ducts

A

Stratified cuboidal

21
Q

What type of epithelium found at Big excretory ducts in some glands, part of

A

Stratified columnar

22
Q

What type of epithelium found at

Renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

A

Transitional

23
Q

How are microvilli important in gastrointestinal function?

A

Microvilli lining columnar epithelial cells increase their surface area facing the lumen, increasing the absorptive surface of the cells and permitting more absorption of water, ions, and nutrients.

24
Q

What is the clinical correlation of cilia in the epithelium?

A

Immotile cilia syndrome (aka Kartagener syndrome or primary ciliary dyskinesia) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder where genes that encode for ciliary proteins are mutated, causing ciliary defects in the cilia lining the respiratory tract, eustachian tube and middle ear, fallopian tube, and flagellum of sperm cells. The cilia’s axonemes do not have dynein (the “motor” protein), so their movement becomes ineffective. This syndrome is associated with sterility in men, reduced fertility in women, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.

25
Q

Where are cilia found?

A

apical membranes on some columnar and pseudostratified epithelial cells: respiratory tract and fallopian tube

26
Q

Type of epithelium adaptation that are long microvilli specialized for absorption. Found in few places of the body such as the male reproductive tract and sensory components of the inner ear

A

Stereocilia

27
Q

3 Gland Classifications Based on What Type of Product Is Secreted:

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucous
  3. Mixed seromucous
28
Q

2 Gland Classifications Based on Structure and Organization:

A
  1. Unicellular

2. Multicellular

29
Q

3 Gland Classifications Based on How the Gland Secretes Its Product

A
  1. Eccrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
30
Q

Clinical correlation of epithelial glands

A

The skin condition acne occurs in part because of over-secretion of sebum made in the sebaceous glands. This clogs the hair follicles, leading to the characteristic inflamed lesions.

31
Q

These secrete their products directly from a single cell using exocytosis (transport and release from the cell surface).

A

Unicellular glands

32
Q

Glands that are more commonly called goblet cells (due to their shape, which resembles a wine glass).

A

Unicellular glands

33
Q

They are found interspersed within the columnar cells lining the intestinal and respiratory tracts.

A

Unicellular glands

34
Q

These make their product in a multicellular secretory unit and then transport their secretion through a duct, releasing it onto the epithelial surface.

A

Multicellular glands

35
Q

This type includes most human exocrine glands like sweat glands and mammary glands.

A

Multicellular glands

36
Q

The morphology of the secretory unit can be tubular, acinar/alveolar (forming small sacs), or a mix of the two types.

A

Multicellular glands

37
Q

In addition, the glands can either be simple (with an unbranched duct) or compound (with a branching duct).

A

Multicellular gland

38
Q

The glands secrete a watery, proteinaceous substance that often contains enzymes. An example is the chief cells of the stomach that secrete digestive enzymes into the GI tract.

A

Serous secretion of glands

39
Q

The glands secrete mucus, a viscous, slippery substance that contains mucin, a glycoprotein.

A

Mucous secretion from glands

40
Q

It’s great at lubricating a surface. An example of mucous glands are the esophageal glands, secreting mucus to help food get to the stomach.

A

Mucous secretion from glands

41
Q

The glands secrete both proteins and mucus. This includes most salivary glands, because saliva contains both enzymes and mucus.

A

Mixed seromucous secretions of glands

42
Q

Glands solely release their contents via exocytosis. This process involves packaging the product into vesicles, which are then transported to the cell surface, where they fuse with the cell membrane, releasing the product into the duct. Salivary glands and _____ sweat glands are examples of this type of gland.

A

Eccrine glands ( how product is secreted)

43
Q

Glands secrete their product along with a portion of the apical cell cytoplasm. Examples include the mammary glands and the apocrine sweat glands in the armpit.

A

Apocrine glands ( how product is secreted)

44
Q

Glands first accumulate their secretions, and then the cell dies and becomes part of the secretion. Sebaceous glands in the skin are examples of this type of gland.

A

Holocrine glands ( how product is secreted)

45
Q

What are the modes of exocrine gland secretion for HOLOcrine and APOcrine cells?

A

Modes of exocrine gland secretion:
Associate HOLOcrine with WHOLE-ocrine, to remember that the whole cell becomes part of the secretion, and APOcrine with APical to remember that A POrtion of the cell becomes part of the secretion.

46
Q

What are the 5 main junctions of the epithelial cells?

A
  1. Belt desmosomes
  2. Hemidesmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
  4. Tight Junctions
  5. Spot Desmosome
47
Q

What is the type of adhesion protein found in the zonula adherens junction and the macula adherens junction?

A

Type of adhesion proteins:

In both the zonula adherens and macula adherens, the intercellular bridging proteins are cadherin proteins.

KMMS FHD (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions