Cells and structures Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
The process by which a biological system maintains stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.
True or False: Homeostasis only involves temperature regulation.
False
Fill in the blank: The human body maintains a core temperature around _____ degrees Celsius.
37
What is the highest level of organization in the human body?
Organism level.
List the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex.
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
True or False: Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
True
What is an organ?
A structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions.
Fill in the blank: The _____ system is primarily responsible for hormonal control in the body.
endocrine
What is the primary purpose of cell adaptations?
To enable cells to better survive and function in changing environments.
Give an example of a physiological adaptation.
Increased red blood cell production at high altitudes.
True or False: Cells can undergo hypertrophy as an adaptation to increased workload.
True
What is atrophy?
The decrease in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue.
What does the term ‘differentiation’ refer to in cell biology?
The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell.
Fill in the blank: The _____ level of organization includes groups of similar cells.
tissue
What type of tissue is responsible for contracting and producing movement?
Muscle tissue.
Define the term ‘homeostatic imbalance’.
A disturbance in homeostasis that can lead to disease or dysfunction.
Fill in the blank: The _____ system helps regulate fluid balance in the body.
urinary
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
To support, bind together, and protect tissues and organs.
List the four main types of tissue in the human body.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
What adaptation occurs in cells exposed to chronic stress?
They may undergo hyperplasia or hypertrophy.
True or False: All cells in the body have the same structure and function.
False
What is the term for a cell’s ability to change its form and function in response to environmental changes?
Plasticity.
Fill in the blank: The _____ level of organization consists of groups of organs that work together.
organ system
What is the function of the integumentary system in homeostasis?
It protects the body and helps regulate temperature.
What is a common consequence of prolonged homeostatic imbalance?
Development of disease.
True or False: Homeostasis can be maintained indefinitely without external influence.
False
What type of adaptation might occur in muscle cells due to resistance training?
Hypertrophy.
What is the role of the respiratory system in maintaining homeostasis?
It regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Fill in the blank: The _____ level of organization is the simplest structural level.
cell
What is the main purpose of the circulatory system in homeostasis?
To transport nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
True or False: Homeostatic mechanisms are typically controlled by the endocrine system alone.
False
What is the function of the digestive system in relation to homeostasis?
It breaks down food to provide nutrients and energy necessary for cellular functions.
Fill in the blank: The _____ system is involved in immune responses and the maintenance of homeostasis.
lymphatic
