Bone and joint physiology Flashcards
What is the primary role of joints in the human body?
To connect bones and allow for movement.
True or False: Bones are static structures in the body.
False.
Fill in the blank: The two types of bone tissue are _____ and _____ bone.
cortical; trabecular/cancellous
What type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
Ball-and-socket joint.
Define synovial joint.
A joint that is surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule, allowing for smooth movement.
What is the function of cartilage in joints?
To reduce friction and absorb shock.
List three types of connective tissue found on bones.
Cartilage, tendons and ligaments.
What is the role of osteoblasts?
To form new bone tissue.
True or False: Ligaments connect muscles to bones.
False.
What is the primary function of tendons?
To connect muscles to bones.
What type of joint is found in the knee?
Synovial hinge joint.
Define the term ‘articular cartilage.’
Cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint.
True or False: Bone marrow is responsible for the production of red blood cells.
True.
What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?
Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer, while spongy bone is lighter and found inside.
What is the function of the synovial membrane?
To produce synovial fluid for lubrication.
List two functions of bones.
Support and protection
What type of joint provides little to no movement?
Fibrous joint.
True or False: Cartilage can regenerate quickly after injury.
False.
What type of tissue is bone classified as?
Connective tissue.
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
Ball-and-socket joint.
Define ‘joint capsule.’
A fibrous tissue that encloses a joint.
True or False: All joints in the body allow for a wide range of movement.
False.
Fill in the blank: _____ is the process of bone formation.
Ossification.
What is the name of the fluid that lubricates joints?
Synovial fluid.
What type of cartilage is found in the nose and ears?
Elastic cartilage.
List the six types of synovial joints.
Hinge, ball-and-socket, condyloid, pivot, saddle, plane
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What is the term for the end of a long bone?
Epiphysis.
What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?
To support the head and protect the brain and spinal cord.
True or False: The appendicular skeleton includes the skull.
False.
What is the role of fibrocartilage?
To provide support and absorb shock in joints.
Fill in the blank: The _____ skeleton includes the limbs and pelvic girdle.
appendicular.
What is the main function of the skeletal system?
To provide support, protection, and movement.
Define ‘articulation.’
The point where two or more bones meet.
What is the primary purpose of the skeletal muscle?
To facilitate movement by contracting.
What type of bone is primarily found in the skull?
Flat bone.
What is the role of the periosteum?
To protect the bone and provide a surface for muscle attachment.
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous joint, cartilaginous joint, synovial joint
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?
Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
What is a general disease of the joint called?
Arthropathy
What is the inflammation of a joint called (independent of cause)?
Arthritis
Which joint type is the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint?
Condyloid joint
