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Unit 1 & 2 Biology > Cells and Organelles > Flashcards

Cells and Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all living things have in common

A

M - movement
R - respiration
S - sensitivity to stimuli
G - growth
R - reproduction
E - Excretion of waste
N - Nutrition
D - DNA

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2
Q

Cells

A

Cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of one or many cells.

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3
Q

Unicellular

A

Life forms consists of only one cell

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4
Q

Multicellular

A

Life forms are made of many cells

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5
Q

The cell theory

A
  1. All living things are made up of one or many cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
  3. All cells are made up of pre-excisting cells
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6
Q

What are the two types of cells

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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7
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A
  • smaller, simplier cell
  • Have a cell membrane and flagella
  • Lack a nucleus and most other organelles
  • Only contains circular DNA, cell wall, ribosomes and cytosol
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8
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A
  • More complex cells
  • Have a nucleus surrounded by its own membrane, and other membrane bound organelles
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9
Q

Plant cells (Eukaryotic)

A
  • Part of a multi-cellular organism
  • Have a nucleus and organelles
  • Have a cell wall and cell membrane
  • Structured Shape
  • Autotrophic
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10
Q

Animal Cells (Eukaryotic)

A
  • Part of a multi-cellular organism
  • Have nucleus and organelles
  • Does not have cell wall but has a cell membrane
  • Do not have a structured shape
  • Heterotrophic
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11
Q

Organelles

A

Mini organ and plays a specific role

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12
Q

Nucleus

A
  • Holds the DNA of eukaryotes
  • Made up of nucleolus and nuclear envelope ensuring the protection of DNA
  • Contains most of the DNA
  • Function to direct the cell’s activities
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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • The term to describe the internal environment of the cell
  • Cytosol is a watery, jelly like solution that contains dissolved substances
  • Makes the cell bulky and 3D
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14
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • Involved in and out of protein synthesis
  • Not membrane bound
  • Can be found free in the cytoplasm
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15
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • ER with ribosomes attached to it
  • Connected network of membranes that manufactures and transport cell products within the cell
  • Site of protein synthesis
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16
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • ER without ribosomes
  • Site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
  • Contineous with plasma and nuclear membrane
  • Network of membranes that manufactures and transports cell products within the cell
  • Parts of membrane pinch off to form vesicles which transport nutrients around the cell
17
Q

Golgi apparatus

A
  • Connected to the ER (products from ER travel in vesicles to the golgi apparatus)
  • Stores, modifies and packages protein
  • Packages proteins into vesicles
18
Q

Vacuoles

A
  • Membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm that store undigested nutrients
  • Plants have a single, large central vacuole that stores water. Animals have many, small vacuoles
19
Q

Lysosome

A
  • Vesicles that are pinched off from the golgi apparatus
  • Function is to contain and transport enzymes that are used to break down food and foreign matter
  • Other functions: Digest nutrients and nourish cell, destroy harmful cell
20
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • the internal structure of eukaryote cell
  • made up of microfilaments and microtubules
  • These microtubules allow organelles to travel around the cytoplasm and provide a structure to prevent the cell from being squashed
21
Q

Chloroplast

A
  • Found only in plant cells
  • Contains chlorophyll
  • Site of photosynthesis
  • Has an outer membrane and intricate internal structure, consisting of:
    ~ Grana: folded membrane layers
    ~ Stroma: fluid between the grana
22
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • The site of cellular respiration (process used in prokaryotic cells to create useable energy)
  • Provide the main energy source to the cell
23
Q

Cell wall

A
  • Found in prokaryopic cell, fungi and plant
  • Not in animal cell
  • Made up of complex carbohydrates
  • Provides support to the cell
  • Limits the size and shape of cell to stop it from bursting
24
Q

Plasma (cell) membrane

A
  • The boundary of the cell
  • Controls what disolved substances move into and out of the cell

Unit 1 & 2 Biology (3 decks)

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