Cells and Organelles Flashcards
1
Q
What do all living things have in common
A
M - movement
R - respiration
S - sensitivity to stimuli
G - growth
R - reproduction
E - Excretion of waste
N - Nutrition
D - DNA
2
Q
Cells
A
Cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of one or many cells.
3
Q
Unicellular
A
Life forms consists of only one cell
4
Q
Multicellular
A
Life forms are made of many cells
5
Q
The cell theory
A
- All living things are made up of one or many cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
- All cells are made up of pre-excisting cells
6
Q
What are the two types of cells
A
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
7
Q
Prokaryotic cells
A
- smaller, simplier cell
- Have a cell membrane and flagella
- Lack a nucleus and most other organelles
- Only contains circular DNA, cell wall, ribosomes and cytosol
8
Q
Eukaryotic Cells
A
- More complex cells
- Have a nucleus surrounded by its own membrane, and other membrane bound organelles
9
Q
Plant cells (Eukaryotic)
A
- Part of a multi-cellular organism
- Have a nucleus and organelles
- Have a cell wall and cell membrane
- Structured Shape
- Autotrophic
10
Q
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic)
A
- Part of a multi-cellular organism
- Have nucleus and organelles
- Does not have cell wall but has a cell membrane
- Do not have a structured shape
- Heterotrophic
11
Q
Organelles
A
Mini organ and plays a specific role
12
Q
Nucleus
A
- Holds the DNA of eukaryotes
- Made up of nucleolus and nuclear envelope ensuring the protection of DNA
- Contains most of the DNA
- Function to direct the cell’s activities
13
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- The term to describe the internal environment of the cell
- Cytosol is a watery, jelly like solution that contains dissolved substances
- Makes the cell bulky and 3D
14
Q
Ribosomes
A
- Involved in and out of protein synthesis
- Not membrane bound
- Can be found free in the cytoplasm
15
Q
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- ER with ribosomes attached to it
- Connected network of membranes that manufactures and transport cell products within the cell
- Site of protein synthesis
16
Q
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- ER without ribosomes
- Site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis
- Contineous with plasma and nuclear membrane
- Network of membranes that manufactures and transports cell products within the cell
- Parts of membrane pinch off to form vesicles which transport nutrients around the cell
17
Q
Golgi apparatus
A
- Connected to the ER (products from ER travel in vesicles to the golgi apparatus)
- Stores, modifies and packages protein
- Packages proteins into vesicles
18
Q
Vacuoles
A
- Membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm that store undigested nutrients
- Plants have a single, large central vacuole that stores water. Animals have many, small vacuoles
19
Q
Lysosome
A
- Vesicles that are pinched off from the golgi apparatus
- Function is to contain and transport enzymes that are used to break down food and foreign matter
- Other functions: Digest nutrients and nourish cell, destroy harmful cell
20
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
- the internal structure of eukaryote cell
- made up of microfilaments and microtubules
- These microtubules allow organelles to travel around the cytoplasm and provide a structure to prevent the cell from being squashed
21
Q
Chloroplast
A
- Found only in plant cells
- Contains chlorophyll
- Site of photosynthesis
- Has an outer membrane and intricate internal structure, consisting of:
~ Grana: folded membrane layers
~ Stroma: fluid between the grana
22
Q
Mitochondria
A
- The site of cellular respiration (process used in prokaryotic cells to create useable energy)
- Provide the main energy source to the cell
23
Q
Cell wall
A
- Found in prokaryopic cell, fungi and plant
- Not in animal cell
- Made up of complex carbohydrates
- Provides support to the cell
- Limits the size and shape of cell to stop it from bursting
24
Q
Plasma (cell) membrane
A
- The boundary of the cell
- Controls what disolved substances move into and out of the cell
