Cells

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

Simplest, most ancient-bacteria and archaea
Smaller than eukaryote
No nucleus

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

Helps maintain shape

Question 3

Capsule

Answer 3

Enables cell to attach to surfaces in environment. Literally think of a pill capsule.

Question 4

Fimbraie

Answer 4

Helps attach to host. Little hairs on outside.

Question 5

Eukaryote

Answer 5

Larger than prokaryote, more complex
Membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Animal cells, plant, fungi and protists

Question 6

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common

Answer 6

DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Question 7

In prokaryote cells:

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

Outer covering separating cells interior from surrounding environment

Question 8

In prokaryote cells:

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Consists of jelly like cytosol , contains other cellular components.

Question 9

In prokaryote cells:

DNA

Answer 9

Cells genetic material

Question 10

In prokaryote cells:

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Synthesize proteins

Question 11

In eukaryote cells:

Plasma membrane

Answer 11

Phospholipid bilayer w/ embedded proteins.

Separates the internal contents from environment.

Controls entry and exit of molecules.

Question 12

In eukaryote cells:

Phospholipid

Answer 12

Lipid molecule with 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate containing group

Question 13

In eukaryote cells:

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Entire region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

Semi solid consistency. 70-80% water.

Question 14

In eukaryote cells:

Nucleus

Answer 14

Houses the cells DNA, directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Question 15

In eukaryote cells:

Nuclear envelope

Answer 15

Double-membrane structure that has pores-controls passage of ions, molecules, and RNA

Question 16

In eukaryote cells:

Nucleoplasm

Answer 16

Semi solid fluid inside nucleus. Houses chromatin and nucleolus.

Question 17

In eukaryote cells:

Chromosome

Answer 17

Structures within the nucleus
Made up of dna
Only visible and distinguishable from each other when the cell is getting ready to divide

Question 18

Chromatin

Answer 18

When the cell is at the grow and maintain phase of life, proteins attach to the chromosomes resembling unwound bunch of threads.

Question 19

In eukaryote cells:

Nucleolus

Answer 19

Combines RNA with proteins and sends them thru nuclear envelope to cytoplasm

Question 20

In eukaryote cells:

Ribosomes

Answer 20

Responsible for protein synthesis.
May float freely or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelopes outer membrane.

Gets orders from nucleus in the form of messenger RNA.

Question 21

In eukaryote cells:

Mitochondria

Answer 21

Powerhouse 
Make ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Oval shaped double membrane organelles

Have their own ribosomes and DNA

Question 22

Cellular respiration

Answer 22

The process of making ATP using chemical energy in glucose and other nutrients

Question 23

In eukaryote cells:

Perioxisomes

Answer 23

Single membrane
Carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids
Detoxify poisons
Reactions release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is broken down into oxygen and water in perioxomes.

Question 24

In eukaryote cells:

Centrosome

Answer 24

Animal cells have

Microtubule organizing center near nuclei

Question 25

In eukaryote cells:

Lysosome

Answer 25

Animal cells have

Garbage disposal

Question 26

In eukaryote cells:

Cell wall

Answer 26

Protects cell

Plant - cellulose
Fungi-chitin

Question 27

In eukaryote cells:

Chloroplasts

Answer 27

Organelles that carry out photosynthesis

Have their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 28

In eukaryote cells:

Central vacuole

Answer 28

Regulates cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions.

Supports cell expansion, provides added support.