Cells Flashcards
Prokaryote
Simplest, most ancient-bacteria and archaea
Smaller than eukaryote
No nucleus
Cell wall
Helps maintain shape
Capsule
Enables cell to attach to surfaces in environment. Literally think of a pill capsule.
Fimbraie
Helps attach to host. Little hairs on outside.
Eukaryote
Larger than prokaryote, more complex
Membrane bound nucleus and organelles
Animal cells, plant, fungi and protists
What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common
DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
In prokaryote cells:
Plasma membrane
Outer covering separating cells interior from surrounding environment
In prokaryote cells:
Cytoplasm
Consists of jelly like cytosol , contains other cellular components.
In prokaryote cells:
DNA
Cells genetic material
In prokaryote cells:
Ribosomes
Synthesize proteins
In eukaryote cells:
Plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer w/ embedded proteins.
Separates the internal contents from environment.
Controls entry and exit of molecules.
In eukaryote cells:
Phospholipid
Lipid molecule with 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate containing group
In eukaryote cells:
Cytoplasm
Entire region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
Semi solid consistency. 70-80% water.
In eukaryote cells:
Nucleus
Houses the cells DNA, directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
In eukaryote cells:
Nuclear envelope
Double-membrane structure that has pores-controls passage of ions, molecules, and RNA
In eukaryote cells:
Nucleoplasm
Semi solid fluid inside nucleus. Houses chromatin and nucleolus.
In eukaryote cells:
Chromosome
Structures within the nucleus
Made up of dna
Only visible and distinguishable from each other when the cell is getting ready to divide
Chromatin
When the cell is at the grow and maintain phase of life, proteins attach to the chromosomes resembling unwound bunch of threads.
In eukaryote cells:
Nucleolus
Combines RNA with proteins and sends them thru nuclear envelope to cytoplasm
In eukaryote cells:
Ribosomes
Responsible for protein synthesis.
May float freely or be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelopes outer membrane.
Gets orders from nucleus in the form of messenger RNA.
In eukaryote cells:
Mitochondria
Powerhouse Make ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Oval shaped double membrane organelles
Have their own ribosomes and DNA
Cellular respiration
The process of making ATP using chemical energy in glucose and other nutrients
In eukaryote cells:
Perioxisomes
Single membrane
Carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids
Detoxify poisons
Reactions release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is broken down into oxygen and water in perioxomes.
In eukaryote cells:
Centrosome
Animal cells have
Microtubule organizing center near nuclei
In eukaryote cells:
Lysosome
Animal cells have
Garbage disposal
In eukaryote cells:
Cell wall
Protects cell
Plant - cellulose
Fungi-chitin
In eukaryote cells:
Chloroplasts
Organelles that carry out photosynthesis
Have their own DNA and ribosomes
In eukaryote cells:
Central vacuole
Regulates cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions.
Supports cell expansion, provides added support.
