Atoms, Ions, & Molecules and proteins Flashcards
Matter
Any substance that occupies space & mass
Elements
Forms of matter with specific chemical & physical properties. Can NOT be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
What are the 6 types of elements
Carbon (c), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Sulphur (S), and Phosphorous (P)
Structure of an atom and the exception
Nucleus in the center which contains protons and neutrons. Outer region holds electrons which orbit around the nucleus.
Exception- hydrogen has no neutrons, 1 proton and 1 electron.
Proton, Neutron, and electron charges
Protons-positively charged
Neutrons- uncharged
Electrons- negative
In uncharged atoms:
The number of electrons = the number of protons.
The number of neutrons is variable = isotopes
Atomic # and mass
Atomic # is the # of protons which = the number of electrons
Mass#= the number of protons & neutrons
Mass= the mean of the mass #
Covalent bond
When atoms combine by sharing electrons
Polar covalent bond
Unequally share electrons, more attracted to one than the other. Example= water
Non polar covalent bond
Share electrons equally
Cations
positive ions formed by losing electrons
Anions
Negative ions by gaining electrons. End in “ide”. Chlorine-chloride
When the ion has a charge
The number of protons does not equal the number of electrons
Hydrogen bond
Weaker bond than covalent. Water.
Hydrophilic
A polar substance that interacts readily with or dissolves in water.