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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

A

In animals and plants

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2
Q

Where are prokaryotic cells found?

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

What organelles are found in both animals and plants?

A 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
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4
Q

What organelles are just in plants?

A

Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts

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5
Q

What do cell walls do?

A

They are made up of a long chain of glucose that keeps the cell together.

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6
Q

What do permanent vacuole do?

A

Sugars are stored here

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7
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

Filled with chlorophyll carries out photosynthesis and absorbs light

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8
Q

What do nuclei do

A

Genetic material the nerve centre that controls everything

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9
Q

Cytoplasm do what?

A

Jelly like substance give the volume and chemical reactions take place here

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10
Q

What do cell membranes do?

A

Barrier between the inside and outside of the cell of the cell controls what can enter and leave the cell.

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11
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

Powerhouse of the cell respiration happens here

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12
Q

Ribosomes what do?

A

Proteins are synthesised here

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13
Q

Sperm cell specialisation

A

Long tail
Stream lined
Mitochondria
Enzymes

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14
Q

How does a long tail help the sperm

A

Helps swim towards the egg

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15
Q

How does the stream lined shape help the sperm

A

Reduces drag so quicker

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16
Q

How are nerve cells specialised?

A

Very long

Lots of branches

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17
Q

How does the longness help the nerve cells

A

Can cover a larger amount of the body

18
Q

How does lots of branches help the nerve cells

A

So can connect to other nerve cells

19
Q

Root hair cell specialisation

A

Projecting growth out their side

20
Q

How does the projecting growth help root hair cells

A

Increases surface area

More of an area for more materials diffusing in and actively being transported in

21
Q

Xylem features

A

Hollow

22
Q

Phloem features

A

Minimal organelles

23
Q

What do stem cells do?

A

Change into whatever specialised cell they need to

24
Q

Steps of the cell cycle

A

1) the 46 chromosomes make a copy of themselves
2) the organelles make a copy of themselves
3) nuclear membrane will break down
4) each set of chromosomes is put to each side of the cell
5) a new membrane forms around the chromosomes
6) the cell with two nuclei pinches down the middle and splits
7) now we have two daughter cells

25
Q

What do prokaryotes divide by

A

Binary fission

26
Q

What do eukaryotes divide by

A

Mitosis

27
Q

What’s the difference between mitosis and binary fission

A

Binary fission can create different non identical daughter cells
Is faster
Doesn’t have to replicate organelles as does not contain any
Is simple

28
Q

What does pluripotent mean?

A

They can go on to form any kind of cell

29
Q

Where can you find stem cells

A

In embryos
Certain parts of an adults body
Plants can be found in the meristems (tips of roots)

30
Q

Where can adult stem cells be found

A

Bone marrow

31
Q

What type of disease can adult stem cells trEat

A

Diseases in the blood

32
Q

Diffusion definition

A

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low

33
Q

How does temp affect diffusion

A

If particles are warmer they move faster they have more energy so they diffuse quicker
WARMER=FASTER

34
Q

How does the surface area affect diffusion

A

If there’s a bigger surface area there’s more opportunities for diffusion to happen BIGGER SURFACE AREA = FASTER

35
Q

How does the concentration gradient affect diffusion

A

Bigger the difference in concentration gradient the faster the rate of diffusion

36
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of water particles from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential

37
Q

What is high water potential

A

Purer water

38
Q

Lower water potential

A

Less pure like salt water rather than tap water

39
Q

Active transport definition

A

Movement of particles (opposite of diffusion) form low to high concentration so needs energy to do this

40
Q

Where is active transport used

A

Root hair collecting minerals

Guts to absorb as much glucose as possible

Biology (10 decks)

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