Cells Flashcards
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
-In a eukaryotic cell genetic material is enclosed within the nucleus, in a prokaryotic cell genetic material is free within the cell. -Eukaryotic cells are complex and make up a multicellular organism, prokaryotic cells are small and simple and are single celled organisms.
What is a plasmid?
A plasmid is a small ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells. Plasmids are designed for a specific function e.g. antibiotic resistance.
What is the function of mitochondria?
The function of mitochondria is to release energy during aerobic respiration.
What is the function of the vacuole?
To keep the cell rigid.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight.
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can develop into two or more types of specialised cell.
Where can you find stem cells?
Human embryo - any type
Adult bone marrow - blood cells
Plant meristem - any type
Nose cells - nerve cells
What can stem cells help/ cure?
Paralysis
Diabetes
Cloning plants.
What is therapeutic cloning?
Therapeutic cloning is when an embryo has the same genetic information as the patient, so, that the body won’t reject it.