Cells Flashcards
Nucleus
Controls the cell, contains genetic material
Cytoplasm
Supports cell, site of cells’ chemical reactions.
Cell membrane
Holds cell together
Controls substances entering and leaving the cell
Cell wall
Extra support for cell
Defines shape
Chloroplasts
Contains chlorophyll pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis.
Vacuole
Filled with cell sap
Keeps the cell’s shape
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
Energy released for cell
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Animal cell organelles
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria
Plant cell organelles
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole
Cells
The functional building blocks of all living things.
Organelle
Part of a cell
Tissue
A group of specialised cells that have a similar structure and function working together.
Organ
Contains different tissues, working together to carry out particular functions.
Organ system
Many organs working together. The different organ systems work together in an organism.
Bacteria
Single celled organism
Doesn’t have nucleus
Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
Some carry out photosynthesis, most feed on other organisms.
Fungi
Single or multicellular
Organelles- Same as plant cell but no chloroplasts
Cell wall made out of chitin
Glycogen store
Can be pathogenic
Eukaryotic
Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
Protoctista
Single celled organisms
Similar to animal cells but can have chloroplasts
Multicellular kingdoms
Plant, animals, fungi
Unicellular kingdoms
bacteria, protoctists, fungi
Which kingdom does not contain a nucleus?
Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Which kingdoms have a starch carbohydrate store?
Plants, protoctists
Which kingdoms have a glycogen carbohydrate store?
Animal, bacteria, fungi, protoctists
Cell wall in plant?
Cellulose
Cell wall in fungi?
Chitin
What are Prokaryotes?
Small, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria.
What are Eukaryotes?
Uni or multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Animals, plants, fungi, protoctists
How do plants store carbohydrates?
As starch or sucrose
How do animals store carbohydrates?
As glycogen
How do fungi store carbohydrates?
As glycogen
What do fungi not have?
Chloroplasts
Describe viruses.
A strand of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. They are not cells or alive. They do not have organelles. They are small particles (smaller than bacteria). They can only reproduce within living cells. They are parasitic.
How do viruses reproduce?
They enter a host cell.
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms which cause infective disease.
What can be pathogenic?
All viruses, some bacteria, protoctista and fungi.
Which kingdoms feed by saprotrophic nutrition?
Fung and some bacteria.
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
Secreting extracellular digestive enzymes onto the food and then absorbing the digested molecules.
Describe the structure of DNA.
Double helix shape. Sugar-Phosphate backbones. Phosphate and a nitrogenous base. ATCG.
Examples of fungi
Mucor and yeast
Examples of Protoctista
Amoeba, chlorella
Plasmodium (pathogenic example that causes malaria)
Examples of bacteria
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Pneumococcus (pathogenic, causes pneumonia)
Examples of viruses
Tobacco mosaic virus
Influenza virus - causes flu
HIV virus - causes AIDS
