Cells

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and tissues on the body

Question 2

Animal Cell

Answer 2

Composed of a Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, and a cell Membrane

Question 3

Plant Cell

Answer 3

It is composed of a Cell wall (Celulose), Nucleus, PERMANENT Vacuole, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, ribosomes, and Chloroplasts

Question 4

Differences between Animal and Plant cells

Answer 4

Animal Cells are round while Plant cells are blocks
Animal cells do not have Chloroplasts, a Permanent Vacuole or a cell wall

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Contains genetic Material (DNA) which controls the activities of the cell

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Gel- Like substance that supports internal cell structure. It’s Water + dissolved solutes

Solutes* - Substance dissolved in a solution

It is also the site of many chemical reactions like anaerobic respiration.

Question 7

Cell Membrane

Answer 7

Holds cell together, while controlling what enters and what leaves the cell

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Powerhouse of the cell. Site for most reactions for aerobic respiration

Question 9

Cell Wall

Answer 9

Made up of cellulose (polymer of glucose) Gives the cell it’s shape. Contains enzymes for Photosynthesis

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Contains Chlorophyll which Makes the plant green. Contains enzymes needed for photosynthesis (like cell wall)

Question 11

Permanent Vavuoles

Answer 11

A big bag of water. Water has sugar and salts dissolved In it, called cell sap. The vacuoles are used for storage and help support the shape of the cell

Question 12

DIFFERENT CELLS —- Ciliated Cells

Answer 12

Ciliated Cells:
used in the Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi. Composed of Cilia and Goblet Cells. Cillia = Hair-like and move mucus up. Goblet = Create Mucus

Question 13

DIFFERENT CELLS —– Root Hair Cells

Answer 13

Root Hair Cells:
Used for the absorption of plants. Has a large surface area which facilitates osmosis.

Question 14

DIFFERENT CELLS —– Mesophyll Cells

Answer 14

Mesophyll Cells:
Leaves have a Mesophyll layer which has palisade mesophyll cells and spongy mesophyll cells.

—Palisade Mesophyll Cells– Lots of chloroplasts to capture light energy. Tightly packed and big to ensure high sun exposure

—-Spongy Mesophyll Cells – Have air gaps and are packed loosely for efficient gas exchange

These cells help in Photosynthesis

Question 15

DIFFERENT CELLS — Red Blood Cells

Answer 15

Red Blood Cells:
Have a biconcave shape due to the lack of a nucleus
Have Cytoplasm with hemoglobin (Iron), which makes it red
The lack of Nucleus gives it more space for oxygen transportation

Question 16

DIFFERENT CELLS —- Human Gametes

Answer 16

Human Reproduction Cells
Haploids —- they have half the number of chromosomes

Sperm— tail and head. Very small and the tails allows them to swim.
Its nucleus is located in the head for contact with the egg cell when collides.

Egg Cell — Round and chunky. It’s cell membrane changes after a sperm cell enters so that not more than 1 sperm cell is able to enter

Question 17

Movement In and Out of Cells — Diffusion

Answer 17

Diffusion — Randomt net movement of particles from a high concentrated area to a low concentrated area. Substances move in and out of cells by diffusion through cell membrane

Question 18

What affects diffusion

Answer 18

Surface Area, Temp, concentration gradient. Decrease in diffusion distance increases rate of diffusion

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

Net movement of water particles from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane. (The more concentrated a solution the lower the concentration of water)

Water diffuses into cells via osmosis through the cell membrane

Question 20

Osmosis in plants

Answer 20

vacuole hold water and is responsible for supporting the cell. If plants do not receive enough water they may become limp as the vacuole cells become flaccid.

Question 21

Experiment on Osmosis

Answer 21

If something placed in a solution has a higher concentration of water (lower water potential) than the solution it is placed on, then it will gain mass by osmosis. It becomes turgid

If it has a lower concentration of water (higher water potential) it will lose mass by osmosis. The cell will become flaccid which affects its ability to support itself.

No change means that both the solution and the “thing” have the same concentration of water.

These damage more the Animal cells. Since they have no Cell wall, Cells may burst (too much water enters ) or become shriveled (too much water leaves)