Cells Flashcards
Cells
Smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and tissues on the body
Animal Cell
Composed of a Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, and a cell Membrane
Plant Cell
It is composed of a Cell wall (Celulose), Nucleus, PERMANENT Vacuole, Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, ribosomes, and Chloroplasts
Differences between Animal and Plant cells
Animal Cells are round while Plant cells are blocks
Animal cells do not have Chloroplasts, a Permanent Vacuole or a cell wall
Nucleus
Contains genetic Material (DNA) which controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm
Gel- Like substance that supports internal cell structure. It’s Water + dissolved solutes
Solutes* - Substance dissolved in a solution
It is also the site of many chemical reactions like anaerobic respiration.
Cell Membrane
Holds cell together, while controlling what enters and what leaves the cell
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell. Site for most reactions for aerobic respiration
Cell Wall
Made up of cellulose (polymer of glucose) Gives the cell it’s shape. Contains enzymes for Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Contains Chlorophyll which Makes the plant green. Contains enzymes needed for photosynthesis (like cell wall)
Permanent Vavuoles
A big bag of water. Water has sugar and salts dissolved In it, called cell sap. The vacuoles are used for storage and help support the shape of the cell
DIFFERENT CELLS —- Ciliated Cells
Ciliated Cells:
used in the Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi. Composed of Cilia and Goblet Cells. Cillia = Hair-like and move mucus up. Goblet = Create Mucus
DIFFERENT CELLS —– Root Hair Cells
Root Hair Cells:
Used for the absorption of plants. Has a large surface area which facilitates osmosis.
DIFFERENT CELLS —– Mesophyll Cells
Mesophyll Cells:
Leaves have a Mesophyll layer which has palisade mesophyll cells and spongy mesophyll cells.
—Palisade Mesophyll Cells– Lots of chloroplasts to capture light energy. Tightly packed and big to ensure high sun exposure
—-Spongy Mesophyll Cells – Have air gaps and are packed loosely for efficient gas exchange
These cells help in Photosynthesis
DIFFERENT CELLS — Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells:
Have a biconcave shape due to the lack of a nucleus
Have Cytoplasm with hemoglobin (Iron), which makes it red
The lack of Nucleus gives it more space for oxygen transportation
DIFFERENT CELLS —- Human Gametes
Human Reproduction Cells
Haploids —- they have half the number of chromosomes
Sperm— tail and head. Very small and the tails allows them to swim.
Its nucleus is located in the head for contact with the egg cell when collides.
Egg Cell — Round and chunky. It’s cell membrane changes after a sperm cell enters so that not more than 1 sperm cell is able to enter
Movement In and Out of Cells — Diffusion
Diffusion — Randomt net movement of particles from a high concentrated area to a low concentrated area. Substances move in and out of cells by diffusion through cell membrane
What affects diffusion
Surface Area, Temp, concentration gradient. Decrease in diffusion distance increases rate of diffusion
Osmosis
Net movement of water particles from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a partially permeable membrane. (The more concentrated a solution the lower the concentration of water)
Water diffuses into cells via osmosis through the cell membrane
Osmosis in plants
vacuole hold water and is responsible for supporting the cell. If plants do not receive enough water they may become limp as the vacuole cells become flaccid.
Experiment on Osmosis
If something placed in a solution has a higher concentration of water (lower water potential) than the solution it is placed on, then it will gain mass by osmosis. It becomes turgid
If it has a lower concentration of water (higher water potential) it will lose mass by osmosis. The cell will become flaccid which affects its ability to support itself.
No change means that both the solution and the “thing” have the same concentration of water.
These damage more the Animal cells. Since they have no Cell wall, Cells may burst (too much water enters ) or become shriveled (too much water leaves)
