Animal Nutrition: Digestion Flashcards
Teeth: Incisor
Biting and Cutting
Teeth: canine
holding and biting
Teeth: premolar
Chewing and grinding up food
Teeth: Molars
Chewing and grinding up food
crown and root (teeth)
Top part sticking out is the crown.
Part beneath the gums is the root
Bacteria in teeth
Bacteria are present on the surface of the teeth. food deposits and bacteria form a layer of plaque. The bacteria here respire on sugars and create acids that dissolves the enamel (top layer of teeth) and make a hole.
Sugar does not cause tooth decay, it’s the bacteria respiring in it
Tooth decay prevention
Calcium and Vitamin D
Amylase
breaks down starch into simple sugars
Produced in the mouth and pancreas
Protease
Breaks down proteins into amino acids
used in the small intestine and stomach
Lipase
Breaks fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Produced in the pancreas and used in the duodenum
Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice (stomach)
kills bacteria in food and gives and acid pH for enzymes (like pepsin) in the stomach. Low pH denatures enzymes in harmful organisms in food. Gives the optimum pH for protease activity
Bile
Neutralizes the acidic mixture and gastric juice entering the duodenum from the stomach to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action.
It emulsifies fat to increase surface area for the chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol (lipase). *The emulsification of fats is mechanical digestion.
Villi
increases the internal surface area of the small intestine. Allows faster absorption. Villi has Micro villi on its surface which further increases the surface area.
Capillaries in the small intestine
transport glucose and amino acids away from the small intestine in the blood
Lacteal (type of capillaries)
runs through the center of the villus (plural for villi) to transport fatty acids and glycerol away from the small intestine in the lymph
