Animal Nutrition: Alimentary Canal

Question 1

Ingestion

Answer 1

Taking in of substances into the body through the mouth

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Break down of large insoluble food molecules into smaller, water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 3

Physically Breaking down food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules.

Question 4

Chemical Digestion

Answer 4

Breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules using certain enzymes to break down nutrients

Question 5

Absorption

Answer 5

Movement of digested food through the wall of the intestines into the blood

Question 6

Assimilation

Answer 6

movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells

Question 7

Egestion

Answer 7

Passing out of the food that has not been digested as faeces though the anus

Question 8

Mouth

Answer 8

Where mechanical Digestion takes place. Teeth chew food

Question 9

Salivary Glands

Answer 9

Amylase enzymes in saliva start digesting starch into maltose

The tongue shapes the food round and the saliva makes it soft to swallow it

Question 10

Oesophagus

Answer 10

The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

Contractions will take place to push the food down without relying on gravity

Question 11

Stomach

Answer 11

Food is mechanically digested by churning while protease enzymes start chemically digesting proteins.

Hydrochloric acid is present to kill bacteria in food and provide optimum pH for the protease enzymes to work

Question 12

Small Intestine

Answer 12

First section: Duodenum. Food leaving the stomach finishes being digested by the enzymes here and secreted from the pancreas

PH: Slightly Alkaline 8-9

Second Section: Ileum. Absorption of digested food molecules happens here. Lined with villi to increase the surface area to increase the rate of absorption

Question 13

Large Intestine

Answer 13

Water is absorbed from the remains to produce feces.

Feces are stored in the rectum and removed through the anus

Question 14

Pancreas

Answer 14

Produces all three types of digestive enzymes:
Amylase, Protease, and Lipase

Secretes enzymes in an alkaline fluid into the duodenum for digestion to raise the pH of the fluid that comes out of the stomach

Question 15

Liver

Answer 15

Produces Bile to break large droplets into smaller droplets (fat emulsion) —– Mechanical Digestion

The amino acids that are not used to make proteins are broken down in the liver. Production of Urea.

Question 16

Gall Bladder

Answer 16

Stores Bile to release into the duodenum as required