Cells Flashcards
What defines a virus as ‘ non-living ‘
Unable to reproduce , metabolise and evolve independently
Describe how HIV is replicated
- Attachment protein attach to receptor on tH cell
- Nucleic acid enters cell
- Reverse transcriptase converts host dna into viral rna
- Viral protein/enzyme produced
- Viral particles assemble and release from cell
How is a gene a code for the production of a polypepetide ?
Base sequence
In DNA triplets
Determines sequence of amino acids.
How is the structure of glycogen related to its function ?
Branched - Compact structure
Branched - Faster Hydrolysis
Insoluble - doesn’t take up water potential
Polymer of glucose - releases energy (ATP) on hydrolysis
Polymer of glucose - easily hydrolysed
What organelles enable production of EPO ( A glycoprotein hormone) ?
Ribosomes/ReR
Golgi Apparatus
What is a monomer ?
Small repeating units
That can create larger molecules
What is a condensation reaction ?
Joining of two molecules
Creating chemical bond
Removing water
What is a hydrolysis reaction ?
Breaking of a chemical bond
Between 2 molecules
Through the addition of water
Describe and explain the properties of triglycerides
Energy storage - Due to large ratio of energy-storing C-H bonds to number of carbon atoms
Metabolic water source - Release water when oxidised
Do not affect water potential/osmosis - Hydrophobic (Non-Polar), therefore are insoluble
Low mass - Can store lots without increasing mass as other tissue
How is a dipeptide formed ?
Condensation reaction
Between amine group and carboxyl group
Of two amino acids
Describe the structure of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope - double membrane
Nucleolus - smaller inner sphere, site of rRna production
Nuclear pore
Nucleoplasm - jelly/granular substance
Chromosomes - membrane bound, linear DNA
Describe the function of the nucleus
Site of DNA replication and transcription
Contains genetic code
Describe the structure of Golgi apparatus
Folded membrane (Cisternae)
Describe the function of mitochondria
Site of ATP production
Site of aerobic respiration
Contains DNA required to code for enzymes in respiration
