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AS Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What defines a virus as ‘ non-living ‘

A

Unable to reproduce , metabolise and evolve independently

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2
Q

Describe how HIV is replicated

A
  1. Attachment protein attach to receptor on tH cell
  2. Nucleic acid enters cell
  3. Reverse transcriptase converts host dna into viral rna
  4. Viral protein/enzyme produced
  5. Viral particles assemble and release from cell
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3
Q

How is a gene a code for the production of a polypepetide ?

A

Base sequence
In DNA triplets
Determines sequence of amino acids.

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4
Q

How is the structure of glycogen related to its function ?

A

Branched - Compact structure
Branched - Faster Hydrolysis
Insoluble - doesn’t take up water potential
Polymer of glucose - releases energy (ATP) on hydrolysis
Polymer of glucose - easily hydrolysed

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5
Q

What organelles enable production of EPO ( A glycoprotein hormone) ?

A

Ribosomes/ReR
Golgi Apparatus

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6
Q

What is a monomer ?

A

Small repeating units
That can create larger molecules

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7
Q

What is a condensation reaction ?

A

Joining of two molecules
Creating chemical bond
Removing water

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8
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction ?

A

Breaking of a chemical bond
Between 2 molecules
Through the addition of water

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9
Q

Describe and explain the properties of triglycerides

A

Energy storage - Due to large ratio of energy-storing C-H bonds to number of carbon atoms
Metabolic water source - Release water when oxidised
Do not affect water potential/osmosis - Hydrophobic (Non-Polar), therefore are insoluble
Low mass - Can store lots without increasing mass as other tissue

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10
Q

How is a dipeptide formed ?

A

Condensation reaction
Between amine group and carboxyl group
Of two amino acids

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11
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope - double membrane
Nucleolus - smaller inner sphere, site of rRna production
Nuclear pore
Nucleoplasm - jelly/granular substance
Chromosomes - membrane bound, linear DNA

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12
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A

Site of DNA replication and transcription
Contains genetic code

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13
Q

Describe the structure of Golgi apparatus

A

Folded membrane (Cisternae)

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14
Q

Describe the function of mitochondria

A

Site of ATP production
Site of aerobic respiration
Contains DNA required to code for enzymes in respiration

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AS Biology (21 decks)

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