cells

Question 1

Unicellular organisms

Answer 1

organisms with a single cell (bacteria)

Question 2

multicellular organisms

Answer 2

organisms made of multiple cells (animals, plants, fungi)

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

-small, less complicated
-asexual reproducetion
-lack membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
-always part of unicellular organisms
-kingdoms: archaea and eubacteria
-all have a cell membrane and cell wall

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

-larger, more complicated
-membrane-bound organells
-DNA in the nucleus
-kingdoms: protista, fungi, animalia, plantae
-all have a cell membrane, and some have a cell wall

Question 5

cell membrane

Answer 5

-outer boundary of a cell
-protects the cell
-controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

-clear fluid within a cell that contains all organelles
-moves materials throughout the cell
-location of many chemical reactions

Question 7

the nucleus

Answer 7

-controls most activities in the cell
-contains all genetic info in the form of DNA

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

-involved in producing ribosomes
-dense, dark area within the nucleus

Question 9

nuclear membrane

Answer 9

-allows only ceratin molecules to move in and out of the nucleus
-made of a double lipid bilayer

Question 10

mitochondria

Answer 10

-energy producers
-powerhouse of the cell
-kidney-bean shape
-folded, internal membrane
-many mitochondria in muscle cells

Question 11

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

-series of folded membranes that form sacs or tubes
-rough ER has ribososmes attached
-manufactures, processes, and transports proteins for export from cell

Question 12

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

-production and transport of lipids
-detoxification of drugs and poisons
-a network of hollow membrane tubules
-does NOT contain ribosomes

Question 13

golgi bodies

Answer 13

-center of warehousing, repackaging, sorting, and shipping
-modifies proteins and lipids made by the ER and prepares them for export from the cell
-cells that make saliva or mucus have many golgi bodies

Question 14

lysosomes

Answer 14

-site of cellular digestion
-contains digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris and nutrients for use by the cell
-recycles cell parts and breaks down macromolecules

Question 15

chloroplasts

Answer 15

only found in plants/algae
-type of plastid
-stores chlorophyll and other pigments
-site of photosynthesis

Question 16

central vacuole

Answer 16

-store food, water, or waste materials
-plant cells have large vacuoles

Question 17

cell wall

Answer 17

-only found in plant cells
-protects and gives rigidity (support) to plant cells
-made of cellulose
-allows water and dissolved substances to pass through

Question 18

ribosomes

Answer 18

-makes proteins in the cell
-may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to RER

Question 19

cytoskeleton

Answer 19

-provide internal structural support and shape
-cells internal scaffolding
-network of microfilaments and microtubles
-solid rods of globular proteins

Question 20

cilia

Answer 20

-external appendages from the cell membrane that aid in the locomotion of the cell
-help to move substances past the membrane
-finger-like projections
-short and numerous

Question 21

flagella

Answer 21

-external appendages from the cell membrane that aid in the locomotion of the cell
-long, whip-like projection

Question 22

centrioles

Answer 22

-assist with cell division
-appear during cell division forming mitotic spindle
-help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell
-made of bundles of microtubules

Question 23

peroxisomes

Answer 23

-helps to detoxify alcohol and other harmful substances by transferring hydrogens to oxygen-producing hydrogen peroxide
-contains catalase, an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen