Cells

Question 1

What is a stem cell?

Answer 1

An undifferentiated cell

Question 2

What is differentiation?

Answer 2

The process by which a cell becomes specialised for a function

Question 3

What are the two different types of stem cells?

Answer 3

Adult stem cells from bone marrow and embryonic stem cells

Question 4

What is the advantage of adult stem cells?

Answer 4

There is no ethical issues

Question 5

What is the disadvantage for adult stem cells?

Answer 5

Can only be made into certain types of cells

Question 6

What is the advantage for embryonic stem cells?

Answer 6

Can be made into any kind of cell

Question 7

What is the disadvantage of embryonic stem cells?

Answer 7

There are ethical issues

Question 8

What ethical issues surround embryonic stem cells?

Answer 8

What if that embryo is a life?

Question 9

What are stem cells main function?

Answer 9

Repair the body

Question 10

How can stem cells be used in animals?

Answer 10

Prevent extinction

Question 11

How can stem cells be used in plants?

Answer 11

To clone desired crops and prevent plant extinction

Question 12

List the organelle in an animal cell

Answer 12

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ★mitochondria and ★ribosomes

Question 13

What is mitochondria?

Answer 13

The sight of respiration

Question 14

What are ribosomes?

Answer 14

Where protein synthesis takes place

Question 15

List all the added parts of the plant cell in comparison to the animal cell

Answer 15

Vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 16

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 16

It is a technique used to grow stem cells in animals without the immune system rejecting it

Question 17

Why can’t you use a sperm or egg nucleus to insert into the empty egg cell in therapeutic cloning?

Answer 17

You need 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cell and the sperm/ egg cell only have 23

Question 18

List briefly the five steps of therapeutic cloning

Answer 18

• Nucleus removed from egg cell
• nucleus removed from one of the patients cells
• patients nucleus inserted into the empty egg cell
• Egg cell turns into an embryo
• Embryo can be put into patient to make any kind of cell without being rejected by the immune system

Question 19

What are the advantages of therapeutic cloning?

Answer 19

Lower risk, fewer donors needed and quick recovery

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of therapeutic cloning?

Answer 20

Unknown side effects and limited use

Question 21

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 21

How we produce new cells

Question 22

Why do cells need to make new cells?

Answer 22

For growth and repair

Question 23

What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 23

Cell growth, mitosis and cellular division

Question 24

What is mitosis?

Answer 24

A type of cell division

Question 25

What are the two cells made it mitosis in comparison to each other?

Answer 25

Identical

Question 26

What to cells do in the cell cycle to make sure the two cells produced still have 23 chromosomes?

Answer 26

Replicated them to have 46 pairs

Question 27

How do the chromosomes seperate equally?

Answer 27

Line up down the middle and 23 sets are pulled to the left and right

Question 28

What is the final stage of mitosis?

Answer 28

The cell actually splits it’s cytoplasm and cell membrane therefore not joined anymore

Question 29

What are the implications of mitosis?

Answer 29

Chromosomes not splitting equally therefore resulting in things like Down syndrome

Question 30

Name the parts of a plant cell that is not in a animal cell.

Answer 30

Cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole