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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 life processes?

A

Mrs Gren- Movement, Respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

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2
Q

What is a non living organism?

A

An organism that doesn’t exhibit the 7 life processes

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3
Q

The 2 types of cells?

A

Prokaryote & Eukaryote

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4
Q

What is the prokaryote cell size?

A

1-10 microns

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5
Q

What is the eukaryote cell size?

A

10-100 microns

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6
Q

The evolution of eukaryotes?

A

Via a process called endosymbiosis

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7
Q

What are 3 things cells require?

A
  • Inputs of energy
  • Inputs of useful substances
  • Removal of wastes
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8
Q

The 2 types of eukaryotic cell?

A

Plants & animal

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9
Q

The basic structure of eukaryote?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm with organelles
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10
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Cells version of an organ

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11
Q

What is cell membrane?

A

Controls what goes in and out of cell

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12
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Stores genetic information and controls function of cell

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13
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

They are inside cell membrane, they contain organelles

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14
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

They are made of DNA

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15
Q

What is DNA?

A

It makes important molecules for cellular function

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16
Q

What is Endoplasmic reticulum? (ER)

A

They synthesise, fold & package proteins and lipids for transport

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17
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

They synthesis proteins

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18
Q

What is Mitochondria?

A

Produces energy through chemical reactions (breaking down fats and carbohydrates)

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19
Q

What are Golgi bodies?

A

They send proteins into vacuole for transport to cell membrane

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20
Q

What is centrosome?

A

It produces spindle fibre

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21
Q

What are vacuoles?

A

Membrane- bound sacs for storage, digestion and waste removal

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22
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

It provides strength, protection & structure

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23
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

They give plants colour and ability to absorb light

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24
Q

The basic structure of prokaryote?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome
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25
Q

What is capsule?

A

Sticky material, covers cell wall.

26
Q

What is pilus?

A

Hair-like structure on cell wall

27
Q

What is flagellum?

A

Filaments attached to cell wall (allows cell to move)

28
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small loops of DNA in cytoplasm

29
Q

What is prokaryotic cell division called?

A

Binary Fission

30
Q

What is eukaryotic cell division called?

A

Mitosis

31
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A

Nuclear envelope starts to dissolve, chromosome pairs form

32
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

Nuclear envelope disappears, microtubules attach to centromere, chromosomes align across equator

33
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

Centromere and chromatids split , chromosomes are drawn to poles

34
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

Spindle fibres disappear, cytokinesis begins

35
Q

What happens in Cytokinesis?

A

Cleavage furrow forms, 2 daughter cells complete

36
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Chemical reactions happening inside something

37
Q

What is ATP?

A

The main molecule used to store and transfer energy

38
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

C02 + H20 —-> C6H1206 + 02

Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

39
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process where organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

40
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Site of photosynthesis

41
Q

What is pigment chlorophyll?

A

Absorbs light energy, coverts into chemical energy (glucose)

42
Q

What is the cellular respiration equation?

A

C6H1206 + 02 —> C02+ H20 + Energy

43
Q

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

A

Oxygen is not present, occurs in cytoplasm, incomplete breakdown of glucose

44
Q

What is Aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen is present

45
Q

What is Phospholipid bilayer?

A

Hydrophobic tails will face inside of bilayer

46
Q

What is Cholesterol?

A

Lipids found in membrane

47
Q

What are Glycolipids?

A

(Protein) formed when carbohydrate combines with a lipid

48
Q

What are Proteins?

A

Nearly 100 different proteins throughout the lipid bilayer

49
Q

What are Aquaporins?

A

Membrane proteins that acts as water channels

50
Q

What are Small hydrophobic molecules?

A

They can easily move across a membrane

51
Q

What are large hydrophilic molecules?

A

Lipid bilayer is impermeable to larger hydrophilic molecules

52
Q

What are Ions?

A

They are atoms or molecules with a permanent charge

53
Q

What is passive transport?

A

The movement of molecules into and out of cell, doesn’t require energy

54
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration

55
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules through a membrane

56
Q

What are 3 ways to speed up Osmosis?

A
  • Increase of temperature
  • Increase of water concentration
  • Increase of surface area
57
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of substances from a low concentration to high concentration

58
Q

SA:V stands for?

A

Surface area to volume ratio

59
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

The movement of substances into cell

60
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

The movement of substances out of cell

61
Q

Bulk transport?

A

Bulk transport of substances across the membrane is by: Endocytosis & Exocytosis

Biology (9 decks)

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