Cells Flashcards
two types of cells
prokaryotic, Eukarytic
prokaryotic
they have no membrane
Eukaryotic
have a DNA that is enclosed in a membrane -bound nucleus
nerve cells (neurons)
“gray matter”, they are comprised of dendrites and axons that send electrical messages, making communication with distant part of the body possible
Glia cells
“white matter”, fight infections
endoderm
gives rise to GI tract and bladder
Ectoderm
gives rise to hair ,skin, nervous tissue
mesoderm
gives rise to muscle, connective tissue, and bone blood and lyphoid tissue
what are the three major parts that make up a cell
nucleus, cell membrane,cyoplasm
nucleus
controls cell activity and stores DNA that carries genetic material
cell membrane
surrounds the cell and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell
cytoplasm
contains ribosomes which synthesis proteins and fats within the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
responsible for translation of new proteins
gogli apparatus
responsible for sorting, and modifying proteins
mitochondria
responsible for energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances and the release of ATP
vacuole
helps maintain homeostasis
flagellum
allow microscopic ornelles to swim
Atrophy
decrease in the size of a body part
hypertrophy
increase of a body part due to cellular enlargement
hyperplasia
increase in the number of cells
metaplasia
one cell type can convert to another type, based on a changing environment
dysplasia
abnormal changes in shape ,size, and mature cells
neoplasia
abnormal growth of a tissue that if large enough to be a mass is called a tumor
